March 12th

See also: Category: Holidays March 12

National

•   Gabon - Update Day.
•   Canada - Commonwealth Day.
•   Zambia - Youth Day.
•   Mauritius - Independence Day, Republic Day.
•   Russia - Day of the Criminal Executive System of the Ministry of Justice
•   China - Tree Planting Day in China .
•   Republic of China ,   Northern Macedonia - Planting Day .
•   USA - Girl Scout Day.

  Religious

  Catholicism

• memory of the saint ;
• memory of Maximilian Tebessky ;
• memory of Pope Gregory I ;
• memory of Theophanes the Confessor .

  Orthodoxy ^{[2] [3]}

Note : indicated for non-leap years, in leap years the list is different ^[1] , see March 13 .

• memory of Rev. Procopius the Decapolite , confessor (c. 750);
• memory of Saint Titus , presbyter of the Caves (after 1196);
• memory of the Monk Titus of the Caves, a former warrior, in the Far Caves (XIV);
• memory of the Monk Falalei of Syria (460);
• memory of the holy martyr Sergius Uvitsky , presbyter (1932);
• memory of the holy martyr Peter Uspensky , presbyter, martyr Mikhail Markov (1938).

Name Day

• Catholic: Gregory , Maximilian , Seraphina, Theophanes , Fina.
• Orthodox: Michael , Peter , Procopius , Titus , Falalei ^{[2] [3]} .

( Note : indicated for non-leap years, in leap years the list is different ^[1] , see March 13. )

See also: Category: March 12 events

Until the 19th century

• 1169 - Andrey Bogolyubsky captured Kiev and burned it.
• 1229 - The crusader army occupied Jerusalem .
• 1519 - Hernan Cortes landed with a detachment of Spanish conquistadors in what is now Mexico .
• 1609 - Bermuda became a British colony.
• 1708 - the first Russian book published in civilian type was published in Moscow - "Geometry of Slavic land surveying" - the first printed textbook on geometry in Russia.
• 1714 - Peter I issued a decree on the opening of digital schools for the education of "small children from different ranks."
• 1770 - the St. Petersburg English Assembly ( English Club ) was founded.
• 1798 - a decree of Paul I was issued, in which all diocesan bishops were ordered to ordain priests for the Old Believers . By the same decree, the construction of Old Believer churches was allowed.

XIX century

• 1881 - France established a protectorate over Tunisia .
• 1889 - Elmon Strowger from the United States patented an automatic telephone exchange.
• 1896 - in St. Petersburg at the university premises with the help of the device invented by A. S. Popov , the first radiogram in the world was transmitted.

XX century

• 1911 - Dr. Fletcher of the Rockefeller Institute discovered the causes of cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) .
• 1912 - The Girl Guides movement (later called scout ) was founded in the United States of America .
• 1913 - Canberra became the capital of Australia .
• 1917 - February Revolution in Russia : The Council of Elders of the 4th State Duma, on behalf of a private meeting of its members, formed the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, which was headed by Rodzianko.
• 1918
  • By the decision of the Soviet government, Moscow returned the status of the capital of Russia .
  • The transition of the ships of the Soviet Baltic Fleet from Helsingfors ( Helsinki ) to Kronstadt began . It entered Soviet history as the “ Ice Campaign ”.
• 1922 - Georgia , Armenia and Azerbaijan formed the ZSFSR - a federal republic that became part of the USSR .
• 1924 - the Polish Minister of War, General Wladyslaw Sikorski, forbade women in the ministry from wearing silk stockings and "other ladies' rubbish."
• 1928 - The former British colony of Malta became British dominion .
• 1933 - German President Hindenburg banned the republican flag and ordered the imperial and Nazi flags to be hung side by side .
• 1940 - the Soviet-Finnish war ended . The USSR and Finland concluded a peace in which Vyborg and Western Karelia were transferred to the first.
• 1944 - the ISU-122 self-propelled artillery system was adopted by the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army .
• 1946
  • The 1st session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 2nd convocation opened.
  • The leader of the Hungarian fascists and Hitler’s ally Ferenc Salashi was executed.
• 1947 - US President Harry Truman publicly put forward the USSR’s foreign policy containment program ( Truman Doctrine ).
• 1951 - the USSR “On the Protection of the World” ^{[4] [5] was} adopted in the USSR
• 1964 - Dissident General Pyotr Grigorenko sent for psychiatric examination at the Institute. Serbian .
• 1968 - Mauritius gained independence, and after exactly 24 years (March 12, 1992 ) became the Republic .
• 1969 - Paul McCartney married Linda Eastman. And George and Patti Harrison were detained for possession of drugs.
• 1974 - The Mars-6 station sat on Mars , transmitting to the Earth for the first time data on the atmosphere and soil of this planet.
• 1990 - The Third Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR opened for four days, at which article 6 of the USSR Constitution on the leading role of the Communist Party was canceled.
• 1999 - The Czech Republic , Poland and Hungary entered the NATO bloc .

21st Century

• 2011 - An explosion occurred at the Japanese Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant , which was damaged by an earthquake . The radiation level near the station exceeded the norm by 20 times ^[6] .

See also: Category: March 12th

Until the 19th century

• 1613 - Andre Lenotre (d. 1700 ), French architect, park designer.
• 1672 - Richard Steele (d. 1729 ), English writer and journalist.
• 1685 - George Berkeley (d. 1753 ), English philosopher and bishop in Cloyne (Ireland), representative of subjective idealism , founder of modern realism .
• 1710 - Thomas Arn (d. 1778 ), English composer, author of the hymn “ Rule, Britain!” ".
• 1737 - Vasily Bazhenov (d. 1799 ), Russian architect, one of the founders of Russian classicism .
• 1743/1745 - Alexander Bekleshov (d. 1808 ), Russian statesman and military leader.
• 1790 - John Frederick Daniel (d. 1845 ), English physicist and chemist, inventor of measuring instruments.
• 1792 - Gustav Adolf Gippius (d. 1856 ), portrait painter of Baltic-German origin, lithographer and teacher.

XIX century

• 1824 - Gustav Kirchhoff (d. 1887 ), a German physicist who discovered cesium and rubidium.
• 1825 - Count Alexei Uvarov (d. 1885 ), Russian archaeologist, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
• 1827 - John R. Jones (d. 1901 ), American military, participant in the Civil War.
• 1831 - (d. 1901 ), American industrialist, founder of the famous family company Studebaker Corporation .
• 1832 - Charles Boycott (d. 1897 ), British governor in Ireland, from whose name the word boycott originated.
• 1834 - Eugene Golubinsky (d. 1912 ), historian of the Russian Church and Church Architecture, academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
• 1835 - Simon Newcom (d. 1909 ), an American astronomer who conducted basic research on planetary motion.
• 1838 - William Perkin (d. 1907 ), a British chemist who discovered synthetic dyes.
• 1844 - Peter Frese (d. 1918 ), one of the designers of the first Russian car.
• 1860 - Salvatore Di Giacomo (d. 1934 ), Italian writer.
• 1863
  • Vladimir Vernadsky (d. 1945 ), Russian Soviet scientist, academician, creator of the doctrine of the biosphere and noosphere , the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
  • Gabriele D'Annunzio (d. 1938 ), Italian writer.
• 1866 - Pavel Novgorodtsev (d. 1924 ), Russian philosopher, leader of the cadet party, creator of the Russian Law Institute in Prague.
• 1868 - Veniamin Khvostov (committed suicide in 1920 ), Russian philosopher and sociologist.
• 1877 - Wilhelm Frick (executed in 1946 ), German Nazi, one of the leaders of the NSDAP , honorary Obergruppenfuhrer SS .
• 1881 - (according to some sources) Kemal Atatürk (d. 1938 ), creator of the modern Turkish state.
• 1889 - Vaclav Nizhinsky (d. 1950 ), Russian ballet dancer and choreographer, dance innovator.
• 1890 - Evert Tob (d. 1976 ), Swedish poet, composer and singer.
• 1892 - Bishop Kassian (in the world Sergey Sergeyevich Bezobrazov ; d. 1965 ), Bishop of Katan (in the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople), theologian, exegete, translator of the New Testament.
• 1895
  • Nikolai Hagen (d. 1969 ), Soviet commander, in 1941 - commander of one of the first Soviet guard divisions.
  • Vasily Kikvidze (died in 1919 ), participant in the Civil War in Russia , red commander.
• 1898 - Eugene Demmeni (d. 1969 ), actor, director, theorist and historian of the puppet theater.

XX century

• 1905 - Takashi Shimura (d. 1982 ), Japanese actor.
• 1909 - Pyatras Zvirka (d. 1947 ), Lithuanian writer.
• 1910 - Vakhtang Chabukiani (d. 1992 ), Georgian Soviet ballet dancer, choreographer, choreographer, people's artist of the USSR.
• 1913 - Ichil Shreibman (d. 2005 ), Jewish Soviet writer.
• 1917 - Werner Klemke (d. 1994 ), German artist, master of book and magazine graphics.
• 1921
  • Gianni Agnelli (d. 2003 ), head of Italy’s richest and most influential capitalist family, senator for life , since 1966 FIAT Executive Director.
  • Pyotr Karyshkovsky (d. 1988 ), Ukrainian Soviet historian.
• 1922 - Jack Kerouac (d. 1969 ), American writer.
• 1925
  • Harry Harrison (d. 2012 ), American science fiction writer.
  • Georges Deleroy (d. 1992 ), French composer and conductor.
  • Leo Esaki , Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate (1973).
• 1926 - Levan Paatashvili , Georgian cameraman, People's Artist of the Georgian SSR (1979), laureate of the USSR State Prize.
• 1927 - Dmitry Polukhin (d. 1993 ), Soviet scientist, designer of rocket and space technology, general designer of Design Bureau Salyut .
• 1928 - Edward Albee (d. 2016 ), American playwright.
• 1935 - Valentin Chernykh (d. 2012 ), Soviet and Russian screenwriter and playwright, film director, producer.
• 1936 - Ernest Yasan , Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter.
• 1937
  • Boris Durov (d. 2007 ), film director, screenwriter, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.
  • Zurab Sotkilava (d. 2017 ), singer (lyric-dramatic tenor), People's Artist of the USSR and the Georgian SSR.
• 1938 - Vladimir Msryan (d. 2010 ), actor, people's artist of Armenia.
• 1939 - Arkady Severny (real name Zvezdin , d. 1980 ), performer of Odessa and thieves songs.
• 1940
  • Bartholomew I (real name Dimitrios Archontonis ), Patriarch of Constantinople (since 1991).
  • Grigory Gorin (real name Ofshtein ; d. 2000 ), Soviet and Russian writer, playwright.
  • Al Jerro , American singer and composer.
• 1941
  • Anatoly Drizhenko , Ukrainian film and theater actor.
  • Andrei Smirnov , Soviet and Russian film and theater actor, director, screenwriter, people's artist of the Russian Federation.
• 1942 - Ratko Mladic , Serbian general, in 1992-1995. Chief of Staff of the Republika Srpska Troops .
• 1946 - Lisa Minelli , American actress, singer, winner of the Oscar .
• 1949 - Rob Cohen , American producer, director and screenwriter.
• 1953 - Irina Ponarovskaya , Soviet and Russian jazz and pop singer, movie actress.
• 1956 - Steve Harris , British bass player , founder and songwriter of the heavy metal band Iron Maiden .
• 1957 - Tatyana Aksyuta , Soviet and Russian theater and film actress.
• 1961 - Sergey Selin , Soviet and Russian film and theater actor.
• 1962 - Andreas Köpke , German footballer, goalkeeper, world and European champion.
• 1965 - Tatyana Lyutaeva , Soviet, Lithuanian and Russian theater, film and television actress.
• 1968 - Aron Edward Eckhart , American film actor.
• 1972 - Egor Druzhinin , Russian actor, film director, choreographer.
• 1975 - Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson , Icelandic politician, Prime Minister (since 2013).
• 1979 - Pete Doherty , British musician and poet, vocalist and guitarist for The Libertines and Babyshambles .
• 1981 - Alexey Chumakov , Russian singer, musician, songwriter.
• 1982 - Ilya Nikulin , Russian hockey player, three-time world champion, Honored Master of Sports of Russia.
• 1984
  • Jamie Alexander , American actress.
  • Elena Kutyreva , Russian actress.
• 1985 - Paul Van Aver , a Belgian singer, rapper, musician and songwriter, better known as Stromae .

See also: Category: March 12 dead

Until the 20th century.

•  

  Franz Lefort
  1699 - Franz Lefort , associate of Peter I.
• 1739 - Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (b. 1669 ), Russian statesman and diplomat, associate of Peter I.
• 1851 - Jan Barszczewski , Polish and Belarusian writer.
• 1878 - Osip Petrov (b. 1806 ), Russian opera singer (bass).
• 1898
  • Zacharias Topelius , Finnish writer.
  • Fedor Pirotsky (b. 1845 ), Russian engineer, inventor of electric tram.

XX century

• 1901 - Alexey Alexandrovich Kozlov , (b. 1831 ), Russian idealist philosopher.
• 1914 - George Westinghouse (b. 1846 ), American inventor of the railway brake.
• 1925
  • Sun Yat-sen (b. 1866 ), a Chinese revolutionary democrat.
  • Arkady Averchenko , Russian satirist and comedian.
• 1928 - Maria Nikolaevna Ermolova (b. 1853 ), actress, people's artist of the republic, Hero of Labor (1924).
• 1930 - Alois Irasek (b. 1851 ), Czech writer, author of historical novels that cover the history of the Czech Republic from ancient times until 1848 .
• 1935 - Mikhail Pupin (b. 1858 ), Serbian and American physicist and physicochemist.
• 1942
  • William Henry Bragg (b. 1862 ), English physicist, president of the Royal Society of London ( 1935-1940 ), founder of X-ray analysis, 1915 Nobel Prize winner for determining the atomic structure of a number of crystals using X-ray diffraction.
  • Robert Bosch (b. 1861 ), German engineer who invented the spark plug and magneto, founder of Bosch .
• 1943 - Adolf Gustav Vigeland (b. 1869 ), Norwegian sculptor (Oslo Fountain Square).
• 1950 - Heinrich Mann , German writer.
• 1955 - Charlie Parker (b. 1920 ), American jazz musician (alto saxophone), founder of the bebop style.
• 1956 - Boleslav Bierut (b. 1892 ), Polish political and statesman, president of Poland .
• 1963 - Jean Michael ( Jean Mihail , p. 1896 ), Romanian director.
• 1973 - David Lambert ( David Lambert Lack , p. 1910 ), British ornithologist.
• 1974 - Nikolai Korolev (b. 1917 ), Soviet boxer, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
• 1975 - Olga Gepnarova (b. 1951 ), Czechoslovak mass murderer (executed; last execution of a woman in Czechoslovakia).
• 1980 - Latif Imanov (b. 1922 ) Soviet Azerbaijani physicist.
• 1982 - Nikolai Kamanin (b. 1908 ), a pilot, one of the Chelyuskin rescuers.
• 1985 - Eugene Ormandy (b. 1899 ), American conductor, Hungarian by birth.
• 1989 - Maurice Evans (b. 1901 ), actor.
• 1991 - Etienne Decroux ( Etienne Marcel Decroux , p. 1898 ), French actor-mime, "father of modern pantomime."
• 1994 - Yuri Lysenko (b. 1910 ), Soviet film director and screenwriter.
• 1998 - Beatrice Wood (b. 1893 ), American artist, writer and journalist.
• 1999 - Yehudi Menuhin (b. 1916 ), American violinist and conductor .

21st Century

• 2001
  • Vasily Abaev (b. 1900 ), Soviet and Russian linguist, researcher of Iranian languages .
  • Robert Ludlam (b. 1927 ), American writer, author of action-packed novels.
• 2002 - Vitaliy Peskov (b. 1944 ), cartoonist.
• 2003 - Zoran Djindjic (b. 1952 ), Prime Minister of Serbia .
• 2008 - Joseph Boyarsky (b. 1917 ), Soviet animator, animator, cinematographer.
• 2012 - Samuel Glaser (born 1923) - American entrepreneur and businessman. [one]
• 2013 - Alexandra Superanskaya (b. 1929 ), Soviet and Russian linguist, doctor of philological sciences, professor.
• 2014 - Vera Khitilova (b. 1929 ), avant-garde Czech film director and screenwriter.
• 2015 - Terry Pratchett (b. 1948 ), English writer, author of the series " Flat World " (satirical fantasy ).
• 2018 - Oleg Tabakov (b. 1935 ), actor and director of theater and cinema, People's Artist of the USSR.

Prokop Perezimniy , Roadbreaker (only for non-leap years ^[1] ).

• On Prokop's track under the horse's hooves appears and the toboggan road collapses
• If the pussy-willow blossoms first on the top of the head, then the sowing will be good and start to sow better early.
• And if the pussy-willow at the crown is in no hurry to open, the second crop will be good.
• If there are snowdrops , then it's time to start plowing ^[7] .
• At the water, the nose is sharp - it makes its way everywhere.
• In the old days in Russia they said: “ Digging a winter road digs, and Prokop destroys the winter road ” ^[8] .