Failge Berraide ( Dr. Irl. Failge Berraide ; died no earlier than 516 ) - the king of the Leinster septum, Ui Failgi (early 6th century).
| Failge Berraide | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Irl. Failge berraide | |||||||
| |||||||
| Successor | Bruidge poppy Nat | ||||||
| Death | not earlier than 516 | ||||||
| Kind | Wi fileg | ||||||
| Children | sons: Nat I, Brenynd, Engus Find, Engus Oak, Dalan and Ehayid | ||||||
Content
Biography
Origin
The exact origin of Failge Berraide is unknown. In some Irish medieval sources, it is called the eponymous ancestor of the septi Wi Filegli [1] . Based on this, a number of modern historians identify him with Rus Failge, who is also considered the founder of Ui Failgi [2] . Failge Berraide is probably identical to Failge Roth, mentioned in the “ Leinster Book ” by the second king Wu Failgi [3] . The identity of these persons is also evidenced by the data of the battle of Frem: in the “ Annals of Ulster ” Failge Berride was named the winner in the battle, in the “ Annals of Inishfalllen ” Rus Failge, and in the legend of “ Borom ” - Failge Roth [4] .
At the same time, this identification is associated with problems of a chronological nature, since both Rusa Failge and Failge Rota call medieval sources the sons of the High King of Ireland, Katayr More, who lived in the II century [5] [6] . Probably, the information that Katayr Mor was the father of both of these persons is a mistake of the authors of medieval genealogies [4] .
Conflict with St. Patrick
In various medieval sources related to the activities of St. Patrick , legends about the conflict of this "Apostle of Ireland" with King Feilge Berraide [7] [8] are preserved. Traditionally, this event dates back to about 452 years [9] . According to the “ Three-Part Life ” compiled in the 9th century, visiting the lands of Ui Failgi Patrick destroyed the sacred tree, under which the local rulers were enthroned [10] . The infuriated king, an ardent follower of pagan traditions , tried to kill the saint. However, it was not Patrick who became the victim of Failge, but his charioteer Audran . According to the testimony of life, immediately after the murder, the king was struck by God's wrath and died immediately. Probably, in this legend, real events were reflected: the opposition of the rulers of Ui Failga to Christianization and a significant decrease in the influence of this septum by the time of the creation of life [11] [12] .
The Wye Neil Wars
The most reliable information about Failg Burride is contained in the Irish annals . In them, he is represented as the ruler of Ui Failgi, who owned lands in the territory of the modern county of Offaly and was subordinate to the supreme power of the Leinster king Illann Mack Dunlinge . In the annals it is reported that at the beginning of the VI century Failge Berraide waged wars with the Wye Neillami , who wanted to expand their possessions at the expense of neighboring lands. In 510, the army of Ui Failgi invaded the possessions of the Ui Neilov and under Frem (near Loch Owell ) defeated the army of King Mede Fiahu poppy Neill . However, already in 516, Fiahu defeated Failge Berraide in the battle of Drum Derg [13] [14] [15] [16] . This victory allowed Wye Neillam to capture the eastern regions of Leinster (the lands of the modern Irish counties of Westmeath and Offaly) and significantly expand the territory of the kingdom of Meade [1] [17] [18] [19] .
After 516, there is no evidence of Failg Burride in historical sources. It is assumed that although some of the lands of Ui Failga passed under the authority of the Wye Neilovs, the Sept kept most of its possessions. Probably, until the middle of the VI century, this septum was the most influential force in North Leinster. Hereinafter, Ui Failgi is referred to as the Leinster border sub-kingdom, the residence of whose rulers was located in Ratangan [11] [12] [20] .
Family
According to Rawlinson B 502 , Feilge Berraide had six sons: Nat I, Brenynd, Engus Find, Engus Oak, Dalan, and Eokheide [21] . The next ruler of Failge Berraide, Ui Failgi, which is known from historical sources, was his grandson Bruidge poppy Nat I , who lived in the second half of the VI century [20] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Charles-Edwards TM, 2000 , p. 449–451.
- ↑ Charles-Edwards TM, 2000 , p. 456.
- ↑ Book of Leinster, formerly Lebar na Núachongbála . - Vol. I. - P. 186. Archived March 10, 2014 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ 1 2 Traditions and myths of medieval Ireland. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University , 1991. - S. 179 and 270—271. - ISBN 5-211-00885-5 .
- ↑ Byrne F. D., 2006 , p. 325.
- ↑ A New History of Ireland, 2008 , p. 195.
- ↑ Bremmer JN The Strange World of Human Sacrifice . - Peeters Publishers, 2007. - P. 49. - ISBN 978-9-0429-1843-6 .
- ↑ Nagy JF Conversing with Angels and Ancients: Literary Myths of Medieval Ireland . - Cornell University Press, 1997. - P. 208-210. - ISBN 978-0-8014-8368-4 .
- ↑ Dr. John (Ellsworth) Hutchison-Hall. Orthodox Saints of the British Isles: Volume I - January - March . - St. Eadfrith Press, 2013 .-- P. 131. - ISBN 978-0-6159-2580-6 .
- ↑ According to other sources, it was a pagan idol revered by Wu Failgi.
- ↑ 1 2 A New History of Ireland, 2008 , p. 192.
- ↑ 1 2 Ó Cróinín D. Early Medieval Ireland, 400–1200 . - Routledge , 2013 .-- P. 53-54. - ISBN 978-1-3179-0176-1 .
- ↑ Annals of Ulster (years 510.1, 516.1 and 517.3); Annals of Tigernach (years 507.1 and 514.3); Annals of Inishfalllen (years 508.1 and 513.1 and 2).
- ↑ Byrne F. D., 2006 , p. 101.
- ↑ Irwin P. Fiachu mac Néill (fl. 510-516) // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . - Oxford University Press, 2004. Archived March 10, 2014.
- ↑ Medieval Ireland. An Encyclopedia / Duffy S. - New York & London: Routledge, 2005 .-- P. 329-330. - ISBN 978-0-4159-4052-8 .
- ↑ Byrne F. D., 2006 , p. 104.
- ↑ A New History of Ireland, 2008 , p. 192 & 207.
- ↑ Mac Niocaill G. Ireland before the Vikings . - Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1972. - P. 17-18.
- ↑ 1 2 Byrne F. D., 2006 , p. 179.
- ↑ Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502 / Michael O'Brien. - Corpus genealogiarum Hiberniae. - Dublin: School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1986. - P. 56-59.
Literature
- Byrne F. D. Kings and supreme rulers of Ireland. - SPb. : Eurasia , 2006 .-- 368 p. - ISBN 5-8071-0169-3 .
- A New History of Ireland. Volume I. Prehistoric and Early Ireland / Ó Cróinín D .. - Oxford: Oxford University Press , 2008 .-- 1219 p. - ISBN 978-0-1992-2665-8 .
- Charles-EdwardsTM Early Christian Ireland . - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 2000 .-- 707 p. - ISBN 978-0-5213-6395-2 .
Links
- The Annals of Tigernach . CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts. Date of treatment March 10, 2014.
- The Annals of Ulster . CELT: The Corpus of Electronic Texts. Date of treatment March 10, 2014.