Silvio Bradrich (pseudonym: Ekkehard Ostmann, also written Bradrich-Kurmalen) (1870-1952) - German-Baltic and German public figure, specialist in settlement policy, publicist .
| Silvio Bradrich | |
|---|---|
| Max Alois Silvio Broedrich | |
| Date of Birth | March 9, 1870 |
| Place of Birth | Mitava , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | May 2, 1952 (82 years old) |
| Place of death | Outin , Schleswig-Holstein , Germany |
| A country |  Russian empire  Weimar Republic  Third Reich  Germany |
| Alma mater | University of Dorpat |
Content
Biography
Born in the family of the Courlandic landowner Karl Bradrich and his wife Emilia Boehm. May 13, 1870 was baptized in the Mitav Lutheran Church of St. John [1] .
In 1889-1892 studied theology in Dorpat [2] . After that, he became the manager (later owner) of his father’s estate Kurmalen (Kuhrmahlen) in Goldingen County .
During the years of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. bought the surrounding land to create German agricultural colonies on them. For these purposes, Volyn Germans were also involved. The greatest colonization, according to Bradrich, was to undergo his native Courland [3] . Its main goal was to strengthen the German element in the Baltic states.
Ideas
During the First World War, Bradrich authored a number of articles and brochures in which he defended his views. According to them, Germany could make peace with European countries, but not with Russia. Russia, which sought to undermine the dominance of the Germans in the Baltic states and seize part of the territory of Germany, should be cut off from the Baltic Sea , and made into an internal German lake. The annexation of the Baltic states (including Lithuania) to Germany, according to Bradrich, would not only guarantee the provision of Germany with land and food, but would also become its civilizational duty towards Europe [4] . An exchange of population with Russia was also supposed.
Bradrich's plans aroused interest and approval in Germany, and his work, which was repeatedly reprinted in 1915–1918, became a model for subsequent pamphlets [5] . Bradrich took part in the activities of the “ Society for the Promotion of Internal Colonization ”, collaborated with his peer and fellow countryman Paul Rohrbach , whom he had known since his student days in Dorpat [6] (Rohrbach subsequently wrote Bradrich's obituary).
In exile
After moving to Germany, he participated in the development of a settlement law.
In 1923-1926 he advised the Government of Lithuania during the agrarian reform. In 1927-1933 - the head of the Imperial Directorate for Consultation of Settlers, then the “Society of the North Settlement”.
In May 1945 he fled from Brandenburg , where he had an estate, to Schleswig , where in 1947, after the British allowed the Society to promote internal colonization, he founded and headed the East Holstein Settlement Society.
March 9, 1950 in the newspaper " Di Zeit " published a jubilee article dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Bradrich [7] .
The author of the memoir "In the struggle for the German living space" (1943-1944).
Memory
Present under his own name in the novel of Nikolai Breshko-Breshkovsky "The craft of Satan."
Compositions
- Das neue Ostland. Berlin: Ostlandverl., 1915.
- Die Deutschbalten im Weltkrieg. Berlin: Sittenfeld, 1915.
- An den Verein für die Deutschen im Ausland! [sl], 1915.
- Kolonisationsmöglichkeiten im Ostseegebiete Rußlands und in Litauen // Archiv f. Innere Kolonisation, 1915. S. 276-284.
- Russlands Fremdvöker, seine Stärke und Schwäche. München: Lehmann, 1915.
- Juden in Kurland // Süddeutsche Monatshefte (Februar 1916). S. 736-741.
- Schnelle Besiedlung in Kurland - vor und nach dem Kriege // Deutsche Bauern in Russland. Schriften zur Förderung der inneren Kolonisation. Hft. 22. Berlin, 1916. S. 1-9.
- Schnelle Besiedlung unserer neuen Ostmarken. Berlin: Deutsche Landbuchhandlung, 1916.
- Gründung der deutschen Bauerngemeinden Kurmahlen-Planetzen in Kurland, Kreis Goldingen // Archiv f. Innere Kolonisation, Bd. 8, 1916. S. 73-84.
- Der Friede mit Russland. Berlin: Sittenfeld, 1917.
- (mit E. Meyer) Amerika, Rußland und wir. Der Eintritt Amerikas in den Weltkrieg. [sl], 1917.
- Kurland. Stuttgart: Greiner & Pfeiffer, 1919.
- Die Ukraine und die Krim // Die wirtschaftliche Zukunft des Ostens. Leipzig: Koehler, 1920. S. 113-129.
- Die Agrarreform in Litauen // Die agrarischen Umwalzungen im ausserrussischen Osteuropa. Berlin-Leipzig, 1930. S. 132-133.
- Schafft Siedlung Arbeit und Brot? Berlin: Deutsche Landbuchhandlung, 1932.
- Umsiedlung der wolhyniendeutschen Bauern in Kurland von 1907-1913 // Ruf des Ostens (1940).
- Siedlung und Bodenreform als Aufgabe des Bundes: Schleswig-Holsteins Beitr. z. Frage d. ländlichen Siedlung. Hamburg: Agricola-Verl., 1950 (as the author of the preface ).
Notes
- ↑ LVVA. F. 235, Op. 2, D. 942, L. 31.
- ↑ Album Academicum der kaiserlichen Universität Dorpat. Dorpat, 1889. S. 884. No. 14 310.
- ↑ Strazhas A. Deutsche Ostpolitik im Ersten Weltkrieg. Wiesbaden, 1993. S. 101-102.
- ↑ Maksimychev I. Brest lesson // Observer-Observer. No. 4 (2008). S. 31-32.
- ↑ Liulevicius VG War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I. Cambridge, 2000. P. 165.
- ↑ Mogk W. Paul Rohrbach und das "Grössere Deutschland": ethischer Imperialismus im Wilhelminischen Zeitalter. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kulturprotestantismus. München, 1972. S. 188.
- ↑ Mit achtzig Jahren // Die Zeit (9.3.1950).