Khalib ibn Musaid

Khalib ibn Musaid inherited the power of the sheriff in Mecca and Hejaz in 1788 after the death of his elder brother Surur ibn Musaid ( 1773 - 1788 ). At first, he was a tool in the hands of the slaves and eunuchs of the former ruler, but he soon managed to crack down on the recalcitrant slaves and strengthen his authority. Khalib ibn Musaid was able to maintain good relations with Bedouin tribes who wandered near Mecca . Relying on the Bedouins and the renewed guards of slaves of several hundred people, he began to carry out aggressive raids on the central regions of the Arabian Peninsula.

In 1790, Khalib ibn Musaid sent a 10,000-strong army against Nejd, under the command of his brother, but later he himself led the march. When she tried to take possession of the fortified oases, the Nedzhda army of the sheriff was defeated. In 1791, Saud Ibn Abdul-Aziz , in the area of Jebel Shammar, defeated the Allied tribe of the sheriff, the Shammar and Muteir tribes, and in 1795 he already besieged an important strategic point on the approaches to the Hejaz - Turab.

Sent in the winter of 1795, a large army was again defeated by the Nedjidis, who captured huge prey - 30 thousand camels and 200 thousand sheep and goats. In 1798, Khalib, together with the Turkish, Egyptian and Maghreb mercenaries, was again defeated, several times trying to advance to El Hurma and Byssha. Khalib ibn Musaid lost several hundred people killed and was forced to yield to Wahhabis Bisha and allow them to perform the Hajj .

The defeats undermined the authority of the Meccan sheriff, and his closest aide and relative, Usman al-Mudayfi, spoke out against him. Usman enjoyed great influence among the Bedouins and, with the support of the Wahhabis, in 1802 captured the city of Taif . In 1803, the Wahhabi army entered Mecca , and the sheriff with a few loyal supporters took refuge in Jeddah . Having performed a pilgrimage ceremony, the Wahhabis began to destroy all the mausoleums and mosques with domes erected in honor of the first Muslims. In July 1803, the Wahhabi army was driven out of the city by a Turkish detachment. In 1805, the Turks suffered a crushing defeat from the Wahhabis, and in the fall of 1805 the Meccan sheriff Khalib was forced to recognize the Saudi supreme power. Thus, the Hejaz became part of the Wahhabi state.

In 1813, Mecca was captured by the Egyptian army of Muhammad Ali . At the end of the same year, he arrested Khalib ibn Musaid and sent him to Cairo . A new Meccan sheriff was appointed nephew of Khalib - Yahya ibn Surur ( 1813 - 1827 ).

• Ryzhov KV. All the monarchs of the world. Muslim East XV — XX centuries. Moscow , “Veche”, 2004. ISBN 5-9533-0384-X , art. 301–302
• Vasiliev A. History of Saudi Arabia. 1745-1973