Pascual Orozco Vazquez ( Spanish: Pascual Orozco Vazquez , January 28, 1882 , San Isidoro - August 30, 1915 , El Paso ) - Mexican military and political leader of the period of the revolution of 1910-1917 .
| Pascual Orozco Vazquez Pascual orrozco vazquez | |
|---|---|
 Pascual Orozco | |
| Date of Birth | January 28, 1882 |
| Place of Birth | San isidoro |
| Date of death | August 30, 1915 (33 years old) |
| A place of death | El Paso , Mexico |
| Affiliation |  Mexico |
| Rank | |
| Battles / wars | |
Biography
After several years of primary education, Orozco worked for some time in his father’s shop, then became a drover of mules transporting silver ore from spears to the city. Having become the owner of his own bunch of mules [1] , Orozco turned into a fairly wealthy person - by the beginning of the revolution he had a capital of 100 thousand pesos [2] .
The population of his native state of Chihuahua was politically active and was opposed to incumbent President Porfirio Diaz . Orozco's father helped the opposition Liberal Party of Mexico. On November 19, 1910, Pascual joined the revolutionary movement of Francisco Madero . November 27, he defeated the federal forces in Chihuahua, which became the first major victory of the rebels [1] . On May 10, Pascual Orozco’s troops captured Ciudad Juarez . After the victory of the revolutionary forces and the rise to power, Madero Orozco expected him to be appointed Minister of War or Governor of Chihuahua. However, he received only the position of chief of state rural police . On January 19, 1912, Orozco filed a resignation letter, which was not satisfied by Madero. In February, he participated in the suppression of the uprising in Ciudad Juarez, after which he again asked for the resignation, which this time was adopted [3] .
On March 3, 1912, Pascual Orozco announced an uprising against Madero, the cause of which was his failure to fulfill his promises regarding land reform. At the beginning of the campaign, Orozco’s forces won several victories, including over Pancho Villa’s units. However, in April the offensive of the federal army began under the command of General Victoriano Huerta and in August the rebels lost Ciudad Juarez. Orozco switched to guerrilla action [4] .
In February 1913, the situation changed dramatically - as a result of the uprising in Mexico City, power passed into the hands of General Huerta, and Madero was killed. Becoming the new president, Huerta faced resistance in the northern states - the rebellion of the so-called constitutionalists . Therefore, he tried to enlist the support of major military leaders. He managed to negotiate with Orozco, who demanded certain financial conditions and guarantees of land reform. Orozco was appointed Brigadier General of the Federal Army. Huerta also planned to use it in peace talks with Emiliano Zapata . Orozco’s father was sent to Zapata’s headquarters, but on the orders of the latter he was arrested and executed [5] .
Orozco entered the campaign against constitutionalists in May 1913, heading to Chihuahua. He won several victories by the time a split occurred in his power: Orozco had a falling out with one of his commanders, Salvador Mercado. The lack of unity in government forces made possible the successful counter-offensive of the rebels, which began in November 1913, and by January 1914, Pancho Villa's rebels already controlled the entire Chihuahua. Orozco’s forces were dispersed, he himself managed to escape the captivity that threatened to be shot. In April, Orsoko attempted to organize a new offensive on Chihuahua, but in August Huerta resigned as president and withdrew into exile in Europe . Orozco could still gather about 4 thousand people, but now he had no financial support and, moreover, was no longer popular among the people [5] .
After some time, Werta, who was in exile, addressed to Pascual Orozco with a proposal of a new rebellion, to whom the German government promised financial assistance. In April 1915, Huerta arrived in the United States, an uprising was scheduled for June 28. He and Orozco agreed to meet near the town of El Paso. However, when they met, they were arrested by US authorities following Worth. Both conspirators were charged with violating US neutrality [6] . On July 3, Orozco escaped from house arrest. [7] On August 30, he and four of his companions were shot dead by a combined detachment consisting of federal marshals , Texas rangers and US soldiers [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Mexico: An Encyclopedia ..., 2004 , p. 360.
- ↑ Platoshkin, 2011 , p. 123.
- ↑ Mexico: An Encyclopedia ..., 2004 , p. 361.
- ↑ Mexico: An Encyclopedia ..., 2004 , pp. 361-362.
- ↑ 1 2 Mexico: An Encyclopedia ..., 2004 , p. 362.
- ↑ 1 2 Mexico: An Encyclopedia ..., 2004 , p. 363.
- ↑ Platoshkin, 2011 , p. 341.
Literature
- Coerver DM, Pasztor SB, Buffington R. Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History. - ABC-CLIO , 2004 .-- ISBN 9781576071328 .
- Platoshkin N. N. The History of the Mexican Revolution. The origins and victory of 1810-1917 - M .: Dmitry Pozharsky University: Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science, 2011. - T. 1. - 432 p. - ISBN 978-5-91244-034-2 .