February, 15

See also: Category: Holidays February 15

• World Cancer Day.

National

• Afghanistan - Day of Liberation.
• Vanuatu - John Frum Day.
• Canada - .
• Russia Belarus - Memorial Day of the soldiers-internationalists .
• Serbia - Day of the nation (Day of the first Serbian uprising ).
• Singapore - .
• USA - Day. ( Susan B. Anthony Memorial Day).
• Ukraine - Day of honoring the participants of hostilities in the territory of other states. ^[2]

Religious

Mahayana Buddhism

• Parinirvana

Catholicism

• memory of ;
• memory of the brothers Faustin and Jovit ;
• memory of ;
• memory of Siegfried of Sweden .

  Orthodoxy ^[3]

• Meeting of the Lord
• ^[4] .
• memory of the holy martyr Basil (Zalessky) , archpriest;
• memory of the Monk Shio (Simeon) Mgvimsky (VI century) ( passing celebration in 2018).

Name Day

• Catholic: Siegfried , Claude, Jobit, Kenan, Faustin.
• Orthodox: Vasily .

See also: Category: February 15 events

Until the 19th century

• 438 - Codex Theodosius , the first official collection of laws of the Roman Empire , formally adopted for universal leadership.
• 1045 - The construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod began . The cathedral was founded by Vladimir Yaroslavich in the presence of Grand Duke Yaroslav the Wise and Princess Irina (Ingegerdy) . The cathedral was founded on the site of the Vladychny Dvor and was built until about 1050 .
• 1113 - Pope Paschal II recognized the first monastic order - the Knights' Order of the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem , better known later as the Order of Malta .
• 1145 - 167 — Bernardo Paganelli, who took the name Eugene III , was elected pope .
• 1288 - The Conclave unanimously elected Masha d'Ascoli as Girolamo's pope. However, he rejected his candidacy. Only after the re-election of February 22, Girolamo agreed to become the head of the Church, and was crowned February 25 in St. Peter's Basilica by Cardinal Matteo Orsini . He took the name of Nicholas IV out of respect for Pope Nicholas III ^[5] .
• 1563 - Russian troops during the Livonian War took ^[6] Polotsk . Soon after the capture of the city, the victors executed the Jews living in the city.
• 1565 - The return of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible from the Alexander Sloboda to Moscow and the announcement of the introduction of the oprichnina .
• 1717 - In St. Petersburg for the first time published “ Youth an honest mirror, or Testimony to everyday circumvention ” - the first children's “educational” book in Russia, which became a reflection of Peter 's state policy in the education of the young generation of the nobility. Estimated compiler - Bishop Gabriel of Ryazan and Murom (Buzhinsky) . Peter's associate, Jacob Bruce , took an active part in the creation of the book and supervised its publication.
• 1763 - In the Saxon hunting castle Hubertusburg , near Leipzig , a peace treaty was signed between Prussia , Austria and Saxony , which ended the Seven Years' War .
• 1775 - the 250th pope was elected Janangelo Count Braschi, who took the name Pius VI .
• 1786 - William Herschel discovered a planetary nebula in the constellation Dragon Cat's Eye . It became the first planetary nebula in which the spectrum was studied. This was done by the English amateur astronomer William Huggins in 1864 .
• 1794 - The naval tricolor flag of the French Republic was adopted, it specifically refers to the order “blue at the pole, white in the center and red at the end”, adopted at the insistence of Jean Bon Saint-Andre, member of the Committee for Public Safety , who oversaw the navy. Drawings of flags and pennants were made by the artist Jacques Louis David . February 17, 1794 this flag was raised by the military ships of the Ocean Squadron. From May 20, 1794, this flag was proclaimed the national flag of France .
• 1798 - As a result of the invasion of Rome by Napoleonic France troops under the command of Louis Alexander Berthier, the Roman Republic was proclaimed. The Roman Republic was a satellite state of France and was governed by the French Directory .

XIX century

• 1895 - The first music school for children in the Russian Empire was founded in Moscow at the initiative of the Gnesin sisters . On this day, a sign appeared on a small wooden house in Gagarinsky Lane : “The Music School of E. and M. Gnesins” and the first student was enrolled.
• 1897 - Ferdinand Brown publishes an oscilloscope circuit.
• 1898 - The death of the American battleship " Maine " in Havana . At the end of January 1898, he arrived in Havana on a goodwill visit to protect American interests in Cuba , where a national liberation uprising against Spain took place . On the morning of February 15, the ship standing in the harbor was shocked by two powerful explosions, and at 9 hours 40 minutes it sank, killing 260 sailors with it. The exact cause of the explosions was never established, but the incident was used by the yellow press to accuse the Spanish authorities of what happened. The upsurge in hysteria resulted in President McKinley ’s appeal to Congress in April calling for a “forcible pacification of Cuba.” Congress recognized Cuban independence, demanded the withdrawal of Spanish troops and authorized the president to use the armed forces. In response to the Americans declaring a blockade of Cuba, Spain declared war on the United States. Its results for the Spaniards were sad, and the United States annexed the Hawaiian Republic during the war, occupied Puerto Rico , landed in Cuba, received the Philippines from Spain, eventually acquiring a whole colonial empire with a population of 8.5 million people.
• 1899 - Imperial manifesto on the predominance of the laws of the Russian Empire over Finnish law. The beginning of the policy of Russification of Finland , the conductor of which is General N. Bobrikov .

XX century

• 1902 - The first line of the Berlin Underground was opened , connecting the German ( German Stralauer Tor ) and the Zoological Garden , with a small branch to Potsdamer Platz .
• 1910 - Mikhail Nikiforovich Efimov received the diploma of an aviator at number 31 in the French aviation club of aviators, becoming the first certified Russian aviator.
• 1918 - Latvia and Lithuania switch to the Gregorian calendar .
• 1919 - The Bolshoi Drama Theater was opened in Soviet Russia in Petrograd , in the premises of the Great Hall of the Conservatory with the play "Don Carlos" based on the play by Friedrich Schiller .
• 1922
  • The Hague opened the first meeting of the International Court of Justice .
  • The Constituent Assembly of Latvia with five abstentions (representatives of the Latgale Christian Peasant Party) adopted the Constitution of Latvia , which was in force until 1940 (as amended in 1934 ) and from July 6, 1993 .
• 1932 - The III Winter Olympic Games end in Lake Placid ( USA ). In the medal standings , the Americans became the best.
• 1933 - In Miami, the anarchist Giuseppe Dzangara made an unsuccessful attempt on the life of the recently elected US President Franklin Roosevelt .
• 1940 - Winter war : Soviet troops of the 7th Army break through the Mannerheim line .
• 1943 - SS Obergruppenfuhrer Paul Hausser , openly violating Hitler ’s personal order, gave the order to evacuate the SS Panzer Corps under his command from Kharkov .
• 1943 - Battle of Monte Cassino : 4th Indian Division and 2nd New Zealand Division begin the second battle for the Monte Cassino Monastery . The bombing of the monastery, which involved 142 B-17 Flying Fortress aircraft, 47 Mitchell B-25 aircraft and 40 B-26 Marauder aircraft. In total, 1,150 tons of bombs were dropped that day on the abbey, which turned the entire top of Mount Monte Cassino into a steaming pile of debris.
• 1946
  • The operation of the ENIAC digital computer is demonstrated.
  • The first flight of the American helical airliner " Douglas DC-6 ".
• 1947 - a decree “On the Prohibition of Marriages between USSR Citizens and Foreigners” was issued.
• 1949 - The Knesset approved the candidacy of Chaim Weizmann as the first president of Israel .
• 1950 - the premiere of Walt Disney's animated cartoon based on Charles Perrault 's fairy tale , Cinderella .
• 1957 - Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR.
• 1959 - Antonio Seny again becomes Prime Minister of Italy .
• 1961 - Flight 548 of Sabena Airlines, a Boeing 707, flying out of New York, crashed while landing in Brussels . Killed all 72 people, as well as one person on earth.
• 1963 - The Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded.
• 1965 - the flag of Canada is approved.
• 1971 - The pound is converted to decimal. Before that, 1 pound sterling was equal to 4 kroons , or 20 shillings , or 60 groats , or 240 pence .
• 1973 - the Prognoz-3 satellite was launched to study solar flares.
• 1976 - The 12th Winter Olympic Games ended in Innsbruck .
• 1989 - The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan was completed (launched May 15, 1988 ).
• 1989 - near the Polish village of Glodovo, near the Russian border, a Mi-2 helicopter crashed into Lake Schnyardwy. Killed 7 people.
• 1994 - The Standard of the President of the Russian Federation is officially introduced - a symbol of presidential power in Russia .
• 2000 - the first wine festival in the Russian Federation opens in Krasnodar .

21st Century

• 2010 - the largest railway accident in the history of Belgium .
• 2013 - meteorite fall in the Chelyabinsk region .

See also: Category: Born on February 15

Until the 19th century

• 1368 - Sigismund I (d. 1437 ), king of Hungary and Croatia (from 1387), king of Germany (from 1410), king of the Czech Republic (from 1419), emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (from 1433).
• 1472 - Pierrot II di Lorenzo de Medici (d. 1503 ), de facto ruler of Florence from 1492 to 1494.
• 1564 - Galileo Galilei (d. 1642 ), Italian scientist, creator of the telescope , founder of experimental physics .
• 1571 - Michael Pretorius (d. 1621 ), German composer, music theorist and organist.
• 1710 - Louis XV (d. 1774 ), king of France (from 1715), from the Bourbon dynasty.
• 1748 - Jeremiah Bentham (d. 1832 ), English philosopher, economist and legal theorist.
• 1751 - Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein (d. 1829 ), German artist of the era of classicism , master of portraiture.
• 1782 - William Miller (d. 1849 ), a Christian preacher from the United States, founder of Adventism .
• 1797 - Heinrich Steinweg (Steinway) (d. 1871 ), Austrian-American master of piano making, founder of Steinway & Sons .
• 1798 - Mikhail Naryshkin (d. 1863 ), Russian officer, Decembrist .

XIX century

• 1809 - Konstantin Bazili (d. 1884 ), Russian orientalist , traveler and diplomat.
• 1812 - Charles Lewis Tiffany (d. 1902 ), American jewelry merchant, founder of Tiffany & Co.
• 1820 - Susan Anthony (d. 1906 ), American activist, women's civil rights activist.
• 1826 - George Stoney (d. 1911 ), Irish physicist and mathematician; coined the term electron in science.
• 1845 - Eliu Ruth (d. 1937 ), American lawyer, politician, statesman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1912).
• 1861
  • Charles Edouard Guillaume (d. 1938 ), French physicist, Nobel laureate (1920).
  • Alfred Whitehead (d. 1947 ), English mathematician, philosopher and logician.
• 1862 - Savva Morozov (d. 1905 ), Russian industrialist and philanthropist.
• 1866 - Pavel Trubetskoy (d. 1938 ), Russian sculptor and artist.
• 1867 - Nikolai Engelhardt (d. 1942 ), Russian writer, poet, publicist, literary critic.
• 1873 - Modest Altshuler (d. 1963 ), cellist and conductor, founder of the Russian Symphony Orchestra in New York.
• 1874 - Ernest Shackleton (d. 1922 ), Irish polar explorer, explorer of Antarctica .
• 1882 - John Barrymore (d. 1942 ), American theater and film actor.
• 1890 - Robert Ley (committed suicide in 1945 ), Nazi Reichsleiter , head of the organizational department of the NSDAP , since 1933 the head of the German Labor Front .
• 1891 - Anna Radlova (d. 1949 ), Russian Soviet poetess, translator.
• 1892 - James Forrestal (died in 1949 ), US Secretary of the Navy , First Secretary of Defense.
• 1898 - Toto (real name Antonio Clemente ; d. 1967 ), Italian film actor, comedian.

XX century

• 1901 - Nikolai Mordvinov (d. 1966 ), theater and film actor, theater director, reader, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1902 - Larisa Alexandrovskaya (d. 1980 ), opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1905 - Gairati (real name Abdurakhman Abdullaev ; d. 1976 ), Uzbek writer, national poet of Uzbekistan.
• 1906 - Musa Jalil (executed in 1944 ), Tatar Soviet poet, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 1909
  • Nikolai Rylenkov (d. 1969 ), Russian Soviet poet.
  • Nadezhda Kiseleva (pseudonym Lyalya Chernaya ; d. 1982 ), Soviet theater and film actress, artist of the Romen theater, dancer, performer of gypsy songs and romances.
• 1910 - David Dragunsky (d. 1992 ), Soviet military and politician, colonel general, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 1912 - Andrei Lupan (d. 1992 ), Moldavian Soviet writer, poet, academician, public figure.
• 1914 - Shaken Aimanov (d. 1970 ), Kazakh actor and film director, People's Artist of the USSR.
• 1920 - Anne-Katharina Westley (d. 2008 ), Norwegian children's writer.
• 1923 - Elena Bonner (at the birth of Lusik Alikhanov ; d. 2011 ), Soviet and Russian publicist, public figure, human rights activist, second wife of academician A. D. Sakharov .
• 1926 - Franco Fabrizi (d. 1995 ), Italian film and theater actor.
• 1929 - Graham Hill (d. 1975 ), British race car driver, two-time world champion in the Formula 1 class.
• 1930 - Algimantas Baltakis , Lithuanian poet, literary critic, translator, national poet of Lithuania.
• 1931
  • Mark Reshetin (d. 2001 ), opera singer (bass), People's Artist of the RSFSR.
  • Yuri Osipyan (d. 2008 ), Soviet and Russian physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and RAS .
• 1933 - Victor Pikaisen , violinist, professor at the Moscow Conservatory , People's Artist of the RSFSR.
• 1934 - Nicklaus Wirth , Swiss scientist, developer of several programming languages ​​(including Pascal ).
• 1940 - Pavel Lebeshev (d. 2003 ), cameraman, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, People's Artist of Russia.
• 1941 - Florinda Bolcan , Brazilian film and theater actress, Olga Kamastra from the Italian television series Octopus .
• 1942 - Nonna Terentyeva (d. 1996 ), Soviet and Russian theater and film actress.
• 1944
  • Dzhokhar Dudaev (assassinated in 1996 ), leader of the Chechen separatist movement 1991-1996.
  • Alexander Serebrov (d. 2013 ), Soviet cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 1949 - Yuri Lagutin (d. 1978 ), Soviet handball player, Olympic champion (1976).
• 1952
  • Николай Сорокин (ум. 2013 ), актёр театра и кино, народный артист России.
  • Александр Муратов , советский и российский кинорежиссёр, сценарист.
• 1953 — Гали Абайдулов , советский и российский артист балета, актёр, режиссёр, балетмейстер.
• 1954 — Мэтт Грейнинг , американский мультипликатор, продюсер, создатель сериалов « Симпсоны » и « Футурама ».
• 1955 — Тимур Кибиров , советский и российский поэт, переводчик.
• 1957
  • Владимир Шаманов , российский военный и государственный деятель, генерал-полковник, Герой России.
  • Джейк И Ли , американский гитарист.
  • Гуль Мохаммед (ум. 1997 ), житель Индии, занесённый в Книгу рекордов Гиннесса как самый низкорослый человек.
• 1961 — Ирина Малышева , советская и российская актриса театра и кино.
• 1963 — Андрей Кураев , российский богослов, православный миссионер, публицист.
• 1970 — Йоуни Хюнюнен , финский рок-музыкант, вокалист и лидер группы « Kotiteollisuus ».
• 1972
  • Наталья Гусева , советская киноактриса, Алиса Селезнёва из фильма « Гостья из будущего ».
  • Яромир Ягр , чешский хоккеист, олимпийский чемпион (1998), двукратный чемпион мира.
• 1988 — Руй Патрисиу , португальский футболист (вратарь), чемпион Европы (2016).

См. также: Категория:Умершие 15 февраля

До XIX века

• 1145 — Луций II , папа римский .
• 1152 — Конрад III (р. 1093 ), первый король Германии из династии Гогенштауфенов .
• 1549 — Содома (р. 1477 ), итальянский художник.
• 1621 — Михаэль Преториус (р. 1571 ), немецкий композитор, теоретик музыки, органист.
• 1637 — Фердинанд II (р. 1578 ), император Священной Римской империи.
• 1761 — Карло Чечере (р. 1706 ), итальянский композитор.

• 1781 — Готхольд Эфраим Лессинг (р. 1729 ), немецкий драматург, теоретик искусства и литературный критик.

XIX век

• 1833 — Николай Гнедич (р. 1784 ), русский поэт, переводчик.
• 1839 — Сергей Тучков (р. 1767 ), российский военачальник и государственный деятель, сенатор, генерал-лейтенант.
• 1842 — Шарль-Андре Поццо ди Борго (р. 1764 ), политик- корсиканец , дальний родственник и кровный враг Наполеона I .
• 1844 — Генри Аддингтон (р. 1757 ), британский государственный деятель, премьер-министр.
• 1846 — Отто Коцебу (р. 1787 ), русский мореплаватель.
• 1857 — Михаил Иванович Глинка (р. 1804 ), русский композитор.
• 1875 — Бертольд Дамке (р. 1812 ), немецкий пианист, дирижёр, композитор, музыкальный критик.

XX век

• 1905 — Льюис Уоллес (р. 1827 ), американский генерал, юрист, дипломат и писатель.
• 1921 — Николай Николаевич Ланге (р. 1857 ), русский психолог, философ, один из основоположников отечественной экспериментальной психологии.
• 1923 — Шарль Симон Клермон-Ганно (р. 1846 ), французский востоковед.
• 1929 — Алексей Мошин (р. 1870 ), русский прозаик, фольклорист и краевед.
• 1939 — Кузьма Сергеевич Петров-Водкин (р. 1878 ), русский живописец, теоретик искусства.
• 1955 — Довид Кнут (р. 1900 ), российский поэт-эмигрант, участник французского Сопротивления .
• 1959 — Оуэн Уилланс Ричардсон (р. 1879 ), английский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии (1928).
• 1962 — Владимир Соколов (р. 1889 ), американский актёр русского происхождения.
• 1965 — Нат «Кинг» Коул (р. 1917 ), американский джазовый музыкант и певец.
• 1967
  • Борис Платонов (р. 1903 ), белорусский актёр театра и кино, народный артист СССР.
  • Уильям Буллит (р. 1891 ), первый посол США в СССР.
• 1972 — Эдгар Сноу , американский журналист.
• 1975 — Валерий Попенченко (р. 1937 ), советский боксёр, чемпион Олимпийских игр.
• 1976 — Василий Шульгин (р. 1878 ), российский политик, публицист, депутат II , III и IV Государственных дум .
• 1984 — Ростислав Захаров (р. 1907 ), советский балетмейстер, режиссёр и педагог, народный артист СССР.
• 1987 — Андрей Некрасов (р. 1907 ), русский советский писатель.
• 1988 — Ричард Филлипс Фейнман (р. 1918 ), американский физик, лауреат Нобелевской премии (1965).
• 1992 — Уильям Шуман (р. 1910 ), американский композитор.
• 2000 — Владимир Уткин (р. 1923 ), советский учёный в области ракетно-космической техники, академик.

XXI век

• 2003 — Константин Славин (р. 1921 ), советский сценарист.
• 2005
  • Пьер Башле (р. 1944 ), французский певец и композитор.
  • Юрий Морозов (р. 1934 ), советский футболист и тренер, заслуженный тренер СССР.
• 2006
  • Андрей Петров (р. 1930 ), композитор, народный артист СССР.
  • Анна Марли (р. 1917 ), французская певица российского происхождения, автор песен.
• 2007 — Роберт Адлер (р. 1913 ), австрийско-американский изобретатель.
• 2012 — Евгений Ташков (р. 1926 ), советский и российский режиссёр, сценарист, актёр.
• 2013 — Тодор Колев (р. 1939 ), болгарский актёр.
• 2016 — Джордж Гейнс (р. 1917 ), американский актёр, звезда фильма « Полицейская академия ».
• 2018 — Тамара Нижникова (р. 1925 ), белорусская оперная певица (колоратурное сопрано ), народная артистка СССР.

Громницы . Сретенье .

• На Сретение зима с летом встретились.
• В Храмах на Руси принято освящать свечи .
• Утром Сретенья снег — к урожаю ранних хлебов , на полдень — средних, вечером — поздних.
• На Сретение снежок — весной дожжок.
• Капель на Сретение предвещала урожай пшеницы .
• Сретение — время последних зимних морозов (сретенских).
• Коли зима метелью дорогу заметёт — то и корм весь подберёт.
• Если небо беззвёздно — весна заплачет поздно.
• Придя на Сретение из церкви, полагалось трясти садовые деревья, чтобы были они с плодами .
• Кур кормить овсом — весной и летом быть с яйцом ^{[7] [8]} .