Ziyarat Ashura is a prayer of Shiite Muslims containing assurances of loyalty and reverence to Imam Hussein and Ahl al-Beit , as well as curses against their enemies ( Mu'awiyah , Yazid , Umar ibn Saad , Shimr , etc.) and the words of renunciation from those who were involved in the martyrdom of Imam Hussein and his associates under Karbala . In the broader sense of the word, reading the Ziyarat signifies disobedience to tyrannical rulers and support for rebellion against them, as well as non-recognition of the version of Islam that the Shiites consider distorted.
As part of Shiite Islamic theological sciences (in particular, hadithology), Ziyarat Ashura is regarded as part of the Sunnah and as a hadith kudsi , that is, a hadith that contains the words of Allah .
Shiite believers read Ziyarat Ashur when visiting the tombs of Imam Hussein and other imams and members of the family of the prophet Muhammad . Ziyarat to Imam Hussein, in turn, is obligatory ( Wajib ) for every Shiite at least once in his life. In Shiite Islam, it is recommended to read Ashur Ziyarath every day and know it by heart.
The origin and issue of authenticity
The text of Ziyarat Ashur is transmitted from the fifth imam of Shiite Muslims, Muhammad al-Bakir .
The authenticity of Ziyarat Ashur is mentioned in two Shiite texts - in the work “ Kamil az-ziyarat ” authored by Ibn Kaulaveikh al-Qummi (4th c. Hijra ) and in the book “ Misbah al-mutahajid ” by Sheikh al-Tusi (5th c. Hijra) . In addition, the text of the ziyarat is contained in the books of scholars of subsequent generations: Al-Mazar al-Kabir, Muhammad ibn Jafar al-Mashkhadi (6th c. Hijra), Misbah al-za'ir by Sayyid Ali ibn Musa ibn Tawus (7th c. Hijra ), Al-Mazar al-Kabir Allam Hilli (8th century Hijri), Al-Mazar of the First Martyr (al-Shahid al-Aval), Bihar al-Anwar Muhammad Bakir al-Majlisi , Mafatih Al Jinan " Sheikh Abbas Qumi and others.
Throughout history, all scholars of Shiite double-believers have recognized the text of Ziyarat Ashur as authentic. The modern Shiite lawyer Ayatollah Seyyid al-Shubayri az-Zanjani has so estimated the degree of reliability of Ziyarat Ashur:
 | Regardless of what the authoritative sources say about sending this ziyarat from the hidden world (at-tayidat al-gaibiyya) - which in itself is an argument in favor of its authenticity - the chain of its transmitters mentioned in “Misbah al-mutahadzhid” reliable. [one] |  |
The arguments that serve as evidence of the authenticity of Ziyarat Ashur for Shiite theologians are given in Shiite writings on the science of hadithology ( Ilm al-hadith ). According to the classification adopted in this discipline, Ashiyur Ziyarat belongs to the category of Hadiths- mutavatir (having several parallel isnads , including reliable transmitters).
Etiquette of visiting the tomb of Imam Hussein
The Shiite sources indicate the following aspects of the etiquette of Ziyarat to the grave of Imam Hussein:
- You should refrain from empty talk and do more to remember ( dhikr ) of Allah ;
- It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of clothes and use perfume (incense);
- The perpetrator of ziyarat is obliged to treat his companions with kindness and courtesy;
- Imam Hussein’s mausoleum should be walked, although this journey takes several days.
Links
- Ali Asghar Azizi Tehrani. The Torch of Perpetual Guidance, an Expose of Ziyarat Ashura of Al-Imam al-Husayn b.Ali
- Shaykh Muhammad Khalfan. Reflections on Ziyarat Ashura of Sayyid al-Shuhada al-Husayn b. Ali (as) // The Sacred Effusion. Volume 1.
- Anton Vesnin. Explanation of the meaning of Zyarat Ashur.
- The text of Ziyarat Ashur in Russian
- Arabic recitation example