February 13

See also: Category: Holidays February 13

• UN - World Radio Day ^[2] .
• International condom day

National

• Armenia - Terendez .

Religious

Catholicism

• memory of ;
• memory of St. Fulcran ;
• memory of Polievkt Malatyasky ;
• memory of Castor Cardensky .

Orthodoxy ^[3]

• memory of the disinterested martyrs of Alexandria: Cyrus and John, and with them the martyrs of Canop: Athanasius and her daughters Theodotia, Theoctists and Eudoxia (311);
• memory of St. Nikita, the recluse of the Pechersky, bishop of Novgorod (1108);
• memory of the martyrs of Corinth: Quiz, Victor, Nicephorus, Claudius, Diodorus, Serapion and Papius (251);
• memory of the martyr Tryphaena of Kisic.

Name Day

• Catholic: Beatrice, Castor , Polievkt , Fulcran.
• Orthodox: Athanasius , Athanasius, Victor , Victorin , Diodorus , Eudoxia , Ivan , Ilya , Cyrus , Claudius , Nikita , Nikifor , Papy, Serapion , Tryphena, Theodotius, Theoktist.

See also: Category: February 13 events

Until the 19th century

• 1141 - The 11-year-old Geza II inherited the throne of Hungary .
• 1241 - Mongol invasions of Poland : A Mongol detachment under the command of Baidar defeated the Polish militia under the command of the Cracow governor , in the battle of Tusk .
• 1503 - The . Against thirteen French under the command of Charles de la Mott, thirteen Italians spoke with Ettore Fieramoska . During a fierce battle, the Italians won a decisive victory, and the French, according to the agreement, had to retreat. The Neapolitan kingdom was cleansed of the French, the Spanish king Ferdinand the Catholic ascended the throne in Naples , and after his death the Habsburgs inherited the crown. A monument was erected in honor of Ettore Fieramosk.
• 1511 - The Knights of the Teutonic Order elected Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach von Hohenzollern , the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the first Duke of Prussia as their Grand Master .
• 1542 - The fifth wife of the King of England, Henry VIII, Catherine Howard, was executed at the Tower for adultery .
• 1575 - In the Reims Cathedral, the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania (officially until May 12, 1575 ) Henry III were crowned to the French throne .
• 1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for the trial of the Inquisition .
• 1668 - Portuguese War of Independence : Maria Anna of Habsburg , regent under the 6-year-old King Charles II , signed a peace treaty in Lisbon with the mediation of England, thereby officially recognizing the independence of Portugal .
• 1689 - William III of Orange and Mary II Stuart ascend the throne of Great Britain as joint monarchs.
• 1692 - The MacDonalds massacre in Glencoe, Scotland by their traditional enemy, Campbell , when more than 70 people from the McDonald clan were brutally killed during the internecine struggle. More specifically, 38 people died during the massacre. Forty other women and children died after their homes were burned. The killers were guests who were sheltered by the MacDonald clan. Justification for the murder: MacDonalds did not timely declare allegiance to the new king, William of Orange .
• 1706

  - Northern War : Battle of Fraustadt . The Saxon-Russian army was defeated by the Swedes. Captured Russian soldiers were killed by order of the Swedish general Renschild .

  - The Greco-Slavic school of the brothers Sofroniy and Ioannikii Likhudov was opened in Novgorod the Great , which became the second higher educational institution in Russia after the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy .

• 1720 - By decree of Peter I , the Main Magistrate , the bureaucratic institution of the Russian Empire, was founded.
• 1739 - Shah of Persia Nadir Shah Afshar entered India and, quickly conquering everything on the way, defeated the army of the Mughal Empire near Delhi ( near Karnal ) on February 13, 1739.
• 1772 - The French navigator Yves Joseph de Kerguelen discovered the Kerguelen archipelago .
• 1777 - In Paris , the Marquis de Sade was arrested and imprisoned in the Vincennes castle , accused of kidnapping girls for the purpose of seduction, poisoning and sodomy .

XIX century

• 1812 - Russian-Persian War : Battle of the Sultan-Bud between the Russian battalion of the Trinity Infantry Regiment and the Persian army under the command of Abbas Mirza . The outcome of the battle in the Sultan-Buda did not affect the course of the war, but, despite this, it greatly raised the morale of the Persian army and to some extent undermined the authority of the Russian army in the Caucasus among the local population.
• 1813 - War of the sixth coalition : An advanced Russian detachment (16 thousand) under the command of Wincingerode intercepted the retreating 10 thousandth Saxon corps of Rainier , the Saxons lost 3 thousand soldiers in battle.
• 1820 - The heir to the French throne, Charles Ferdinand, the Duke of Berry , leaving the Paris Opera, was mortally wounded by an adversary of the monarchy, Pierre-Louis Louvel .
• 1840 - General Perovsky ordered the return of troops from the steppe. The winter campaign in Khiva ended in failure.
• 1842 - Nicholas I signed a decree on the construction of the railway St. Petersburg - Moscow . According to legend, Nikolai drew the future road on the map according to the ruler, but the pencil came across his finger and made a bend. The designers obediently reproduced it ... In 1851, the first train departed from St. Petersburg to Moscow. In 1855 , after the death of the emperor, the path received the name of Nikolaev , and from 1923 - October .
• 1848 - Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev appointed senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs . Being him, he did not allow distribution of the manifesto of the Communist Party in Russian in Russia, stating that "whoever needs it will be read in German."
• 1849 - Revolution in the Danube principalities : A delegation led by the Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church in Transylvania filed a petition to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of the Romanian people in Transylvania , Banat and Bukovina , officially using the name “ Romanian people ” for the first time.
• 1858 - British explorers of Africa, Sir Richard Burton and John Spike , during an expedition trying to find the origins of the Nile , discovered a large Lake Tanganyika in eastern Central Africa.
• 1859 - the first female gymnasium was opened in Moscow.
• 1861 - After the siege, the forces of Gaeta were taken by the Piedmontese forces of General Cialdini , where after the fall of the city of Capua the Neapolitan King Francis II strengthened. The Kingdom of Both Sicilies ceased to exist.
• 1867
  • For the first time, Johann Strauss 's waltz “ On the Beautiful Blue Danube ” was performed in the Vienna Music Hall “Diana”. It is in some ways an unofficial anthem of Austria and is traditionally performed by an encore in the New Year's Vienna concert .
  • Work began on the overlapping of the Senna in Brussels by a team of engineers led by Henri Moe . This was one of the important milestones in the history of Brussels , which opened the way to the architectural and logistic modernization of the city. Currently, underground pipes hide in the city. Above them are laid boulevards and highways.
• 1870 - The Finnish Railway station and the first section of the route from St. Petersburg to Vyborg were opened. Bishop Tikhon of Vyborg consecrated the station, locomotives, wagons, after which the first express train was sent on the way. The building of the Finland Station was erected by the architect P. Kupinsky .
• 1886 - The Pende district joined Russia .
• 1895 - French inventors , the Lumiere brothers, received a patent under number 245032 for "an apparatus for receiving and viewing images."

XX century

• 1901 - The premiere of A.P. Chekhov 's play “ Three Sisters ” was held at the Moscow Art Theater .
• 1902 - An earthquake in Shamakhi claimed the lives of more than three thousand people.
• 1916 - The largest politicians of the future Czechoslovakia - the Czechs Tomas Masaryk and Edward Benes and the Slovak Milan Stefanik created the Czechoslovak National Council in Paris .
• 1917 - The legendary spy Mata Hari was arrested in Paris .
• 1919
  • Soviet-Polish war : A detachment of Polish soldiers under the command of Captain Menitsky attacked Soviet units in the Birch-Kartuz region . The battle for Birch-Kartuzskaya is considered the first military clash of the Soviet-Polish war.
  • The National Assembly of the German Empire elected Philip Scheidemann as the 1st Prime Minister of the Weimar Republic ( Chancellor ).
• 1920 - According to the Treaty of Versailles and under the mandate of the League of Nations , France assumed full power in Memelland (Klaipeda Region) .
• 1922 - The Cabinet of Ministers of Lithuania decided to establish the University of Lithuania in Kaunas , the “interim capital” of Lithuania.
• 1923 - Leonid Pantyolkin, a well-known bandit and raider, better known as Lenka Panteleev, was killed by GPU employees in Petrograd .
• 1924 - The Southeast Region was formed as part of the RSFSR , now - the Stavropol Territory .
• 1925
  • Tunguska Uprising : Evenk troops reflect an attempt to break through Soviet units to Oymyakon .
  • In the USSR, for the release of the 1st edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia , the Joint Stock Company “ Soviet Encyclopedia ” was formed.
• 1931 - The Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR decided to manufacture a thousand pistols of the system of F.V. Tokarev . In fact, the gun is being adopted and is called the “7.62 mm Tokarev pistol of the 1930 model." Throughout the world, he is known as TT - "Tula, Tokarev . "
• 1934 - the Soviet ship Chelyuskin was crushed by ice and sank in the Arctic Ocean .
• 1943 - Soviet mountaineering soldiers made a legendary climb to Elbrus , dropping fascist standards from its heights and hoisting the flags of the USSR.
• 1944 - Volyn massacre : UPA detachment village of Lanovtsy . 72 Poles were killed.
• 1945
  • Budapest operation : the troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, with the assistance of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, took Budapest .
  • World War II : the beginning of massive bombing by Anglo-American aviation Dresden .
• 1946 - The US military announced the creation of the first digital computer, Mokley and Eckert ( ENIAK ). It consumed 160 kilowatts, had 17,468 lamps, about 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 1,500 relays, and 6,000 manual switches.
• 1948 - After the merger of the Kölner BC and Sülz 07 clubs, the German football club 1. Fußball-Club Köln 01/07 e. V.
• 1956 - The Soviet Antarctic station Mirny begins work.
• 1960 - In the Reggan oasis of the Tanesruft desert in the Sahara, the French tested their first nuclear charge with a capacity of 20 kilotons (operation " ").
• 1962 - A group of four Austrian climbers, led by Heinrich Harrer, made the first ascent to the highest point in Oceania Punchak Jaya .
• 1963 - The poet Joseph Brodsky was arrested in Leningrad on charges of malicious parasitism .
• 1972 - The 11th Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan ended.
• 1974 - By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the writer A. I. Solzhenitsyn was deprived of citizenship and expelled from the country.
• 1975
  • The Turkish Federal State of Northern Cyprus is proclaimed.
  • Anker Jorgensen is back as prime minister of Denmark .
• 1976 - Nigeria’s President Murtala Ramat Mohammed was shot in his car in Lagos when he was driving to work in the morning. A subsequent coup attempt was suppressed by the Chief of General Staff of Nigeria, General Olusegun Obasanjo .
• 1980 - The 13th Winter Olympic Games opened in Lake Placid , USA . The game was opened by US Vice President Walter Mondale .
• 1983 - 64 people died at the Cinema Statuto Cinema in Turin , during the screening of the film Unlucky .
• 1984 - Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko was unanimously elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee .
• 1988
  • the first rally is being held in Stepanakert , at which demands are made for the accession of the NKAR to Armenia .
  • In Calgary ( Canada ) opened the XV Winter Olympic Games . The games were opened by the Governor General of Canada, Jeanne Sauve .
• 1996 - The beginning of the " people's war " of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) against the royal power in Nepal .

21st Century

• 2001 - Collision of an electric train with a Scania truck in Beloostrov .
• 2004 - In Doha ( Qatar ), as a result of the assassination attempt (according to some information, organized by the Russian special services), the former and. about. President of the Chechen Republic Ichkeria Zelimkhan Abdulmuslimovich Yandarbiev . Yandarbiev was killed in a car bomb while he was returning home after Friday prayers at the central mosque in Doha. An explosive device was laid under the bottom of his personal jeep.
• 2007 - The Canadian company D-Wave announced the creation of a sample of a quantum computer consisting of 16 qubits (the device was called Orion ^{[4] [5]} ). Information about this device did not meet the requirements of a reliable scientific report , so the news did not receive scientific recognition. Moreover, the company's further plans - to create in the near future a 1024-qubit computer - caused skepticism among members of the expert community ^[6] .

See also: Category: Born on February 13

Until the 18th century

• 1457 - Maria of Burgundy (d. 1482 ), Duchess of Burgundy , Hainaut and Namur (since 1477).
• 1480 - Girolamo Aleander (d. 1542 ), Italian humanist, scientist and cardinal of the Reformation .
• 1599 - Alexander VII (in the world of Fabio Chigi , d. 1667 ), 237th pope of Rome (1655-1667).
• 1683 - Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (d. 1754 ), Italian artist.

18th century

• 1743 - Joseph Banks (d. 1820 ), English naturalist, botanist.
• 1763 - Jean Victor Moreau (d. 1813 ), French commander, general, the main opponent of A. Suvorov in the Italian campaign .
• 1766 - Thomas Malthus (d. 1834 ), English demographer and economist.
• 1769 - Ivan Krylov (d. 1844 ), Russian poet and fabulist .
• 1784 - Nikolai Gnedich (d. 1833 ), Russian poet and translator, author of the first poetic translation of Homer's Iliad .
• 1791 - Sylvester Shchedrin (d. 1830 ), Russian landscape painter.
• 1799 - Alexander Petrov (d. 1867 ), the first Russian chess master, chess theorist, writer.

XIX century

• 1805 - Peter Gustav Lejeune-Dirichlet (d. 1859 ), German mathematician.
• 1806 - Vladimir Kornilov (d. 1854 ), Russian naval commander, hero of the defense of Sevastopol .
• 1826 - Frederick Godfroix (d. 1897 ), French philologist and historian of literature.
• 1865 - Istvan Chok (d. 1961 ), Hungarian impressionist painter .
• 1873 - Fedor Chaliapin (d. 1938 ), Russian opera and chamber singer (bass), the first national artist of the Republic .
• 1879 - Sarogini Naidu (d. 1949 ), Indian poetess, member of the independence movement.
• 1881 - Eleanor Fargeon (d. 1965 ), English children's writer.
• 1883 - Evgeny Vakhtangov (d. 1922 ), Russian and Soviet theater actor and director, founder and first director of the current Theater. E. Vakhtangova .
• 1892
  • Maria Litvinenko-Volgemut (d. 1966 ), Ukrainian singer (lyric-dramatic soprano), People's Artist of the USSR.
  • Semyon Novgorodov (d. 1924 ), Yakut linguist, creator of the Yakut alphabet.

XX century

• 1901 - Vasily Kuznetsov (d. 1990 ), Soviet political figure.
• 1903
  • Georgy Beriev (d. 1979 ), Soviet engineer-aircraft designer.
  • Anatoly Alexandrov (d. 1994 ), Soviet physicist, in 1975-1986 president of the USSR Academy of Sciences .
  • Georges Simenon (d. 1989 ), Belgian writer, master of the detective, author of a series of novels about Commissioner Maigret.
• 1909 - George Salnikov (d. 1983 ), theater actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR.
• 1910 - William Bradford Shockley (d. 1989 ), American physicist, one of the inventors of the transistor , Nobel Prize winner (1956).
• 1915
  • Lidia Smirnova (d. 2007 ), theater and film actress, People's Artist of the USSR.
  • Aung San (assassinated in 1947 ), Burmese general, politician, revolutionary.
• 1923 - Charles Elwood Yeager , American test pilot, the first person to exceed the speed of sound in horizontal flight.
• 1930 - Ernst Fuchs (d. 2015 ), Austrian artist, creator of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism .
• 1931 - Oleg Gudkov (died in 1973 ), Soviet test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union (1971).
• 1932 - Igor Shaferan (d. 1994 ), Soviet songwriter.
• 1933
  • Lev Perfilov (d. 2000 ), Soviet and Ukrainian film and theater actor, master of the episode.
  • Kim Novak , American actress.
• 1939 - Valery Rozhdestvensky (d. 2011 ), Soviet cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• 1941 - Sigmar Polke (d. 2010 ), German postmodern artist.
• 1947
  • Tatyana Tarasova , Soviet and Russian figure skating coach.
  • Mike Krzyzewski , American basketball coach, three-time Olympic champion.
• 1950
  • Peter Gabriel , an English musician.
  • Robert Daisley , Australian bass player ( Chicken Shack , Mungo Jerry and Rainbow , Ozzy Osbourne ).
• 1953 - Sergey Kapustin (d. 1995 ), Soviet hockey player, Olympic champion (1976), 7-time world champion.
• 1954 - Nisa Gasimova , Azerbaijani singer, People's Artist of Azerbaijan.
• 1958 - Boris Fedorov (d. 2008 ), Russian politician and statesman, financier, businessman, investor.
• 1960 - Pierluigi Collina , Italian football referee, head of the UEFA refereeing committee.
• 1962 - Maxim Leonidov , Soviet and Russian singer, composer, founder of the “ Secret ” bit quartet.
• 1964 - Dmitry Revyakin , Russian musician, poet, composer, creator and leader of the Kalinov Bridge band.
• 1965 - Yuri Savichev , Soviet and Russian footballer, striker, Olympic champion ( 1988 ), author of the winning ball in the final match.
• 1974 - Robbie Williams , a British singer.
• 1975 - Artemy Lebedev , Russian designer, inventor, founder of the web studio of the same name.
• 1979
  • Anders Breivik , "Norwegian shooter", a terrorist killer.
  • Mina Suvari , American film actress.
• 1988 - Evgeny Garanichev , Russian biathlete , bronze medalist of the Olympic Games ( 2014 ).
• 1991 — Дэниэл О'Ши , американский фигурист выступающий в парном катании, континентальный чемпион (2018 год).

См. также: Категория:Умершие 13 февраля

До XIX века

• 1200 — преподобный Стефан Неманя , сербский великий князь, отец святого Саввы , основоположик сербского монастыря Студеница и устроитель афонского монастыря Хиландар .
• 1332 — Андроник II Палеолог (р. 1259 ), император Византийской империи (1282—1328).
• 1539 — Изабелла д'Эсте (р. 1474 ), супруга маркграфа Мантуи , покровительница художников, «примадонна Ренессанса».
• 1542 — обезглавлена Екатерина Говард (р. 1522 ), пятая жена Генриха VIII .
• 1571 — Бенвенуто Челлини (р. 1500 ), итальянский скульптор, ювелир и писатель.
• 1592 — Якопо Бассано (р. 1510 ), итальянский художник, представитель венецианской школы .
• 1693 — Иоганн Каспар Керль (р. 1627 ), немецкий органист и композитор.
• 1792 — графиня Елизавета Воронцова (р. 1739 ), фрейлина , фаворитка российского императора Петра III .
• 1798 — Вильгельм Ваккенродер (р. 1773 ), немецкий писатель.

XIX век

• 1817 — граф Алексей Иванович Мусин-Пушкин (р. 1744 ), русский государственный деятель, археограф и историк , нашедший « Слово о полку Игореве ».
• 1858 — Герман Генрих Госсен (р. 1810 ), немецкий экономист, предшественник математической и австрийской школ в экономике.
• 1873 — Адриан Волков (р. 1827 ), русский живописец.
• 1874 — Александр фон Лидерс (р. 1790 ), российский военный и государственный деятель, генерал от инфантерии, член Госсовета .
• 1876 — Михаил Авдеев (р. 1821 ), русский беллетрист и критик .
• 1882 — Огюст Барбье (р. 1805 ), французский поэт.
• 1883 — Рихард Вагнер (р. 1813 ), немецкий композитор.
• 1892 — Василий Юнкер (р. 1840 ), русский исследователь Африки.

XX century

• 1904 — Алексей Абрикосов (р. 1824 ), русский предприниматель, основатель кондитерской фабрики (ныне концерн «Бабаевский»).
• 1905 — Константин Савицкий (р. 1844 ), российский художник-передвижник.
• 1914 — Альфонс Бертильон (р. 1853 ), французский антрополог , автор системы судебной идентификации.
• 1920 — Лайош Лоци (р. 1849 ), венгерский геолог, географ и путешественник, почётный член Венгерской академии наук.
• 1923 — Алексей Корин (р. 1865 ), русский художник- передвижник .
• 1925 — Тимофей Буткевич (р. 1854 ), священнослужитель, профессор богословия, учёный и общественный деятель.
• 1931 — Евгений Погожев (р. 1870 ), русский публицист и духовный писатель.
• 1935 — Болеслав Балзукевич (р. 1879 ), польский скульптор.
• 1936 — Георгий Челпанов (р. 1862 ), русский философ, психолог и логик .
• 1950 — Рафаэль Сабатини , писатель.
• 1958
  • Жорж Руо (р. 1871 ), живописец, график, представитель французского фовизма .
  • Владимир Володин (р. 1891 ), советский киноактёр.
• 1966 — Маргерит Лонг (р. 1874 ), французская пианистка и педагог.
• 1974 — Эрнесто Видаль (р. 1921 ), уругвайский футболист, нападающий, чемпион мира (1950).
• 1976 — Лили Понс (р. 1904 ), американская оперная певица (сопрано).
• 1979 — Юрий Меркулов (р. 1901 ), советский художник и режиссёр мультипликационного кино.
• 1984 — погиб Наоми Уэмура (р. 1941 ), японский путешественник-экстремал.
• 1992 — Николай Боголюбов (р. 1909 ), математик, механик и физик, академик.

XXI век

• 2004 — Зелимхан Яндарбиев (р. 1952 ), чеченский политик, и. about. президента непризнанной Чеченской Республики Ичкерия в 1996—1997 гг.
• 2006
  • Питер Фредерик Стросон (р. 1919 ), английский философ, представитель лингвистической философии.
  • Алтынбек Сарсенбаев (р. 1962 ), политический и государственный деятель Казахстана.
• 2013 — Фридрих Незнанский (р. 1932 ), российский юрист, публицист и писатель, автор детективов.
• 2014 — Георгий Мартынюк (р. 1940 ), советский и российский актёр театра и кино, народный артист РФ.
• 2016 — Геннадий Денежкин (р. 1932 ), конструктор реактивных систем залпового огня, Герой Социалистического Труда.
• 2017 — Сэйдзюн Судзуки (р. 1923 ), японский кинорежиссёр и сценарист.

Никита Коник .

• Издавна на Руси Никите Новгородскому крестьяне молились об избавлении от пожаров и молний , « ибо он пожар града молитвами своими угаси и она много чудес творяще ». Также Никита мог предотвратить и засуху .
• Охлупень — оберег избы, мол, лешим облюбован. Оседлает леший конька — и шатнется изба , а худые ветра подступят ко крыльцу ^[7] .
• Если дрова в печи шипят, дымят, и никак не разгораются, значит быть оттепели .
• На Никиту красный огонь в печи сулит холодную погоду , а белый теплую .
• Коли сильная тяга в печи, то будет мороз, коли слабая — сырость и слякоть ^[8] .