Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895) - German physicist. The father of medical scientist Ernst Neumann and mathematician Karl Neumann .
| Franz Ernst Neumann | |
|---|---|
| him. Franz Ernst Neumann | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Joachimsthal |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Königsberg |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | physics |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | |
| Academic rank | Corresponding Member of SPbAN |
| supervisor | Weiss, Christian Samuel |
| Famous students | Vogt, Voldemar , Clebsch, Alfred , Kirchhoff, Gustav |
| Awards and prizes | Copley Medal ( 1886 ) [d] |
Biography
In 1826, he occupied the Department of Physics and Mineralogy at the University of Koenigsberg, which he retained for fifty years. Remarkable works primarily in theoretical and mathematical physics soon made Neumann's name famous, and his outstanding lecturer talent attracted many listeners to Koenigsberg. Soon, a whole school of physics and mathematics was grouped around Neumann, from whose ranks many of the most famous scientists of Germany left.
Neumann's works dealt mainly with the theory of light and electricity. The phenomena of light polarization and birefringence were considered by him under the assumption that the vibrations of ether particles occur in the plane of polarization; the results obtained, which completely agree with the results obtained by Fresnel , starting from the opposite assumption (the plane of particle oscillation and the plane of polarization are mutually perpendicular), have led many scientists to lean on the side of Neumann's assumption.
Of Neumann's work on electricity, the most remarkable theory of induction and electrodynamic action, presented in 1845 in his famous article "Die mathematischen Gesetze der inducirten elektrischen Ströme" ("Abhandl. D. Berl. Akad.", 1845; reprinted in 1889 Ostwald). This theory has long dominated the science of electricity.
Other works include works on thermal conductivity, determination of specific heat, etc. His courses in mathematical physics are very well known: Vorlesungen über die Theorie des Magnetismus (Leipzig, 1881), Theoretische Optik (Leipzig, 1885), Ueber die Theorie d. Elasticität ”(Leipzig, 1885) and“ Theorie d. Potentiales ”(L., 1887) and others.
Since 1838 he was a corresponding member of St. Petersburg. Academy of Sciences, since 1872 - a foreign member of the Munich Academy of Sciences [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Archive for the history of mathematics MacTyutor
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Die Akademie: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Literature
- Neumann, Franz Ernst // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Franz Ernst Neumann profile on the RAS official website
- Hramov Yu. A. Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 195 .-- 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (per.)