Revelioti, Theodosius

Theodosios D. Reveliotis was born in the village of Nestani Mantinei in Arcadia in 1771 and was the eldest of three Reveliotis brothers. At a young age, Theodosius was involved in the struggle of the Greek Clefs against the Ottomans . He was forced to take refuge on the island of Ithaca , which was under the control of the Republic of Venice . Here he met Lambros Katsonis and Andreas Andrutsos , the father of the future hero of the Greek revolution, Odyssey Andrutsos . Reveliotis attended the baptism of Odyssey, at the invitation of the godmother of the infant and Katsonis' wife, Mary.

Reveliotis followed Katsonis and Andreas Andrutsos in their initial privateer's activities in the Russian service, during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1792 . On August 11, 1791, Russia signed a truce with the Turks, and on December 29, the Yassky peace . Greece was not even mentioned in this treaty. General Tamara ordered Katsonis to withdraw his ships to Trieste , and there to disarm them. But Katsonis, angry that the Russians, like the First Archipelago Expedition, solved their tasks and abandoned the Greeks, refused to disarm the flotilla and continued the war. The war became Greek. Reveliotis took part in the sea battle at the island of Andros , in which "the defeat was worthy of victory." Katsonis entrenched in Porto Cayo on the peninsula Mani. On June 5, 1792, 20 Turkish ships and a French frigate Modeste attacked the forces of Kaconis in Porto Cayo. Manioty gave Kaconis the opportunity to leave the bay. Katsonis on a small ship reached the island of Kythira , and then to the island of Ithaca . Andreas Andrutsos , with a handful of fellow countrymen, fought through the entire Peloponnese and reached his mountains in Central Greece. The fate of Andrutsos was tragic: trying to get to Russia in the future and meet with Katsonis, he was arrested by the Venetians in Spalato , Dalmatia and transferred to the Turks. After 4 years of torture in the Bagno of Constantinople, he was drowned in the Bosphorus in 1797 ^[1] .

Reveliotis followed Katsonisom to Russia. Having passed military retraining in Russia, having received the title of the thousandth and already under the name of Theodosius Revelioti, he took command of the Greek battalion of Balaclava . At the head of the Greek battalion, Revelioti took part in the suppression of insurrections instigated by the Turks, the Crimean Tatars and was wounded twice ^{[2] [3]} . For his commanding abilities and heroism, Revelioti was awarded the Order of St. George and rose to the rank of general. Researcher Nikolaos Rigopoulos writes that for some time (without indicating the year) Revelioti served at the royal court. Under his portrait from Greek sources it is written: “Theodosios D. Reveliotis, Russian general, adjutant of Catherine II ”. Describing the history of Livadia and the Vorontsov Palace, Crimean local historians call him "one of the generation of Catherine's eagles" and emphasize the lands he acquired on the southern coast of the Crimea: "The general owned land ownership comparable to the local possessions of Prince Potemkin. The history of a good half of the south coast estates begins with the purchase of land from Revelioti. In the hands of the descendants of Revelioti himself, all this huge real estate could not be kept even during the first half of the 19th century. was redistributed and sold out ” ^{[4] [5]} .

Theodosius Reveliotis did not break ties with his Fatherland and, as a Russian general, became a member of the secret Greek revolutionary organization Filiki Eteria . Historians marked his first remittance, in preparation for the uprising, in 1820.

The Greek Revolution broke out in 1821. Following the spirit and letter of the Holy Alliance of European Monarchs, the Russian Emperor Alexander I dissociated himself from the actions of the head of the heterists Alexander Ipsilanti and set on the observance of the strictest neutrality. Historians noted that despite this, Reveliotis, while still at the royal court, made in 1823 a transfer of money to Papaflessas , who was then war minister of the revolutionary government of Greece. But, according to a war veteran, a priest and a historian, Ambrosios Frandzis, this money was spent on Greek civil strife. Meanwhile, the younger brothers of Reveliotis, Yannis and Nikolaos, took part in the battles in the Peloponnese and were marked by Dmitry Ypsilanti during the siege of the Tripoli . Under the command of Theodore Kolokotronis, the brothers took part in the battles of Dervenakia against Dramali-pasha and at Trikorf, against the Egyptians of Ibrahim-pasha . The brothers took part and survived in the “Leonid Battle” of Papaflessass at Maniaki .

With the ascension to the throne of Nicholas I , the policy of Russia in the Greek question became more active. At the end of the Russian-Turkish war in 1829, General Theodosius Revelioti was part of the Russian delegation, led by Alexei Fyodorovich Orlov and who signed the Peace of Adrianople . Signature Revelioti, along with other signatures, is under the recognition of the independence of Greece by the Turks ^[6] .

His wife, Maria Pavlovna (1778-10.08.1836), came from Greek nobles. She died of inflammation in the lungs in Simferopol, and was buried there at the new city cemetery ^[7] . Children:

• Aristide (died 1881), the leader of the Tauride nobility, the owner of the manor - the Holy Trinity.
• Peter (1813–13.03.1849), the staff captain of the Balaklava Greek battalion . He died of a cold in Simferopol.
• Xenophon (d. 01/01/1880), in some sources noted as a retired captain, owner of the Aktachi estate of the Simferopol district, a friend of the poet A.Fet , in others referred to as a general, on whose behalf "Tsar Nicholas I transferred colossal funds for the restoration of Greece." In the second case, confusion with Theodosius Revelioti himself is not excluded.

The grandson of Theodosius, Vladimir Ksenofontovich (September 27, 1859 - April 7, 1929) ^[8] became the major general of the Russian fleet (in Greek sources is called the admiral). After the October Revolution and during the Civil War , the sixty-year-old general, Major Vladimir Revelioti, arrived in 1920 in Greek Piraeus "completely sick and without any means." He died at the Russian Maritime Hospital of Piraeus on April 7, 1929 ^[9] .

Nikolaos Rigopoulos in his treatise mentions the son of Theodosius Revelioti, who was part of the Russian delegation, at the conclusion of the San Stefano Peace in 1878. Rigopoulos writes that Reveliotis-son refused to be present at the signing of the peace, because the world ignored Greek interests, in favor of the Bulgarian state created by Russia. Identify the name of this son Revelioti so far failed.