Yakimanka (Moscow region)

The district is named after the main street. Yakimanka (from the end of the 18th century, this is Bolshaya Yakimanka Street) was named in honor of the chapel of Joachim and Anna of the Annunciation Church , first built in 1493 and demolished in 1969. The temple was located at the intersection of Malaya Yakimanka Street and modern Yakimanskaya Passage .

Dopetrovskaya Moscow

Home: Kadashevskaya Sloboda

Zamoskvorechye territory was inhabited since the XIV century. The axes of the settlement were the roads to Kaluga and Serpukhov , the present streets of Bolshaya Yakimanka and Bolshaya Ordynka , which passed from the crossings across the Moscow River to the west and east of the Kremlin . The western, low-lying part of the present-day Yakimanka district was regularly flooded by the river, so the urban development was limited to a narrow strip between the two roads. The massive construction of the floodplain to the west of Yakimanka Street began only after the construction of the Babiyorodskaya dam in the 1830s. Clover in the coat of arms of the region symbolizes the fields in the floodplain, in which place today stands the exhibition hall on Krymsky Val.

Zamoskvorechye was repeatedly ravaged by invaders ( Olgerd , 1368 and 1370 , Tokhtamysh , 1382 , Edigei , 1408 , Mazovsha , 1451 ). At the beginning of the XVI century, Prince Vasily III settled around the perimeter of the development of the settlement of archers; Skorodom fortifications along the current Garden Ring were built in 1591 - 1592 during the reign of Theodore I. The ethnic and class composition of the Yakimanka in the 16th — 17th centuries included:

• Permanent presence of Tatars (Bolshaya Ordynka Street)
• Settlement of foreign mercenaries in the service of Vasily I, Ivan the Terrible and the first Romanovs
• Settlement of Poles who settled in Moscow after the Time of Troubles ( Babiy town , Staropansky lane )
• Cossacks (Cossack lanes) and archers (Bogdan Pyzhov's regiment in Pyzhovsky alley)
• Golutvinskaya settlement of the Kolomna Golutvin monastery (the same streets by the drainage channel)
• Actually, Kadashevsky Sloboda is a settlement of merchants, coopers, weavers (from 1613), workers of the mint (from 1701), and Sloboda of court interpreters adjoining it in Tolmachevsky lanes
• Black Ekaterininskaya settlement of plowmen at the present church of Catherine on Ordynka ^[3]

XVIII century

The patchwork suburban organization Zamoskvorechye fell apart during the reign of Peter the Great . September 30, 1696 , after the Streltsy uprising , Peter I carried out mass executions of archers at the gates of the Earthen city ^[4] ; In 1720, the last Streltsy regiments were disbanded. The transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg left without work the inhabitants of the courtyards; many of them were forcibly transferred to a residence in the new capital. Excluding the merchant Bolshaya Ordynka, Zamoskvorechye remained a settlement of "black" plowmen and artisans during the 18th century. On the outskirts along the Earthen Val, markets and warehouses serving the commodity flows from the south arose (their memory is preserved in the names of Zhitnaya Street , Mytnaya Street and Korovye Val .).

The construction of the Church of Ivan the Warrior on Yakimanka is attributed to the initiative of Peter I, the Catherine Church on Ordynka - Catherine II . Peter laid the “granary” on the cow's shaft, barns with grain, instead of the Kremlin granaries, burned in 1701 (today they have the Senate Palace in their place). ^[five]

At the end of the 18th century, the manor houses of the Golitsyn , the Demidovs , the Trubetskoy and the Stroganovs were built behind the earthen bank in Neskuchny Sad and along the Kaluga road . In 1793 , Prince Dmitry Golitsyn bequeathed 900,000 rubles for the construction of the first public hospital in Moscow. The first stage of the Golitsyn hospital was built in 1796-1802 . Matvey Kazakov ; The nearby First City Hospital was built by Osip Bove in the 1830s.

XIX century

The fire of 1812 destroyed most of Yakimanka, excluding a few blocks near the Zemlyaniy Val and suburban hospitals. The construction of the Babiy Novgorod dam in the 1830s reduced the risk of flooding, but the land at Yakimanka remained cheap, attracting factory capital. Gustav Liszt founded the first mechanical plant in the Swamp, directly opposite the Kremlin. Large factory buildings appeared on Bersenevka, in Golutvin and at the end of Pyatnitskaya Street . Most of these buildings today are rebuilt as offices or awaiting renovation. The first power plant in the city was built at Bersenevka Yablochkov in 1880 - 1883 ; ^[6] in the same place, on Bersenevka, the historical power station built in 1902 for the urban tram network continues to work.

The end of the XIX century was marked by charitable and social projects. The city and the merchants financed the construction of large houses of free and cheap apartments on Bolotnaya Square and Sofiiskaya Embankment (today Rosneft has an office in one of the free houses). Morozovskaya Hospital , the first children's surgical hospital in the city, originates from the Red Cross operating room, opened in 1896 . The Morozov funded the construction of an existing clinic building in Bolshaya Polyanka ; another hospital was established by the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent .

In 1892 , the State Tretyakov Gallery opened to the public; Its “old” building was built in 1899–1904 ^[7] . Nearby, a shelter for widows and children of artists was built according to the testament of Pavel Tretyakov in 1912 ^[8] .

Newest History

In 1922, the Soviet government closed 22 Zamoskvorechye temples , including the temples of Sv. Joachim and Anna , of sv. Marona , Gregory of Neokesariysky . In the thirties, the only active temple of John the Warrior remained in the area ^[9] . Despite the demolition of churches, the damage to the historic buildings in Stalin's time was small compared with other areas of the city. On Bersenevka, in the place of the Wine-Salt Yard , a House appeared on the embankment . In 1926 , the first housing cooperative in Moscow was built on Pyatnitskaya. The general plan of Moscow in 1935 ordered to close the Boulevard Ring in Zamoskvorechye along the route Palace of Soviets - Bolshoy Tolmachevsky Lane - Bolshoy Ustyinsky Bridge . ^[10] The contours of the unrealized ring are guessed in the Stalinist buildings of Zamoskvorechye (the “House of Writers”, the building of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade and Radio and Television ). ^[11] .

A significant contribution of the 1930s was the completion of the Moscow Canal ( 1938 ), eliminating the threat of flooding. The banks of the Moscow River and the drainage canal were lined with granite, all bridges were rebuilt in 1935-1940 .

In the 1970s-1980s, the western side of Bolshaya Yakimanka was rebuilt (see President Hotel , Exhibition Hall on Krymsky Val ); typical high-rise buildings also appeared on Ordynka and Polyanka (in the place of the old Polyansky market ).

In the 1990s, the “reconstruction” of historic buildings began, as well as the high-rise new building (the Copernicus House - 15 floors). The city, however, refused the architecture bureau Eric von Egeraat to build the high-rise complex “Moscow Avant-garde” on Yakimanka. ^[12] In 2007–2008, the reconstruction of historic buildings at Bersenevka was completed; the reconstruction of the Sofia Embankment and Bolotnaya Square (the so-called project “ Golden Island ”) has been suspended, historic buildings have been settled.

Museums

• State Tretyakov Gallery ( Lavrushinsky Lane , Krymsky Val Street )
• Museum V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time (Schetininsky lane, 10)
• Central House of Artists (Krimsky Val, 10)

Temples

On the territory of the district there are Orthodox churches of the Moskvoretsky Prosperity of the Moscow City Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church .

• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Bersenevka ( Church of St. Nikola on Bersenevka in Upper Sadovniki, Bersenevskaya Emb., 18-20-22c2)
• The Church of St. Gregory Neokesariysky in Derbitsy (1668-1669, Bolshaya Polyanka, 29A)
• Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashi (2 nd Kadashevsky lane, 7)
• The temple of Maron the Hermit in Old Paneh (1727-1730, Big Yakimanka 32-2)
• Church of St. Nicholas (Nativity of the Virgin) in Golutvin ( First Golutvinsky Lane , 14)
• Temple of St. Nicholas in Tolmachy ( Small Tolmachevsky lane , 9)
• Temple of the Trinity on Shabolovka (1885–1895, architect N. V. Nikitin , Shabolovka Street , 21)
• Church of the Assumption of the Virgin in the Cossack settlement (1695—1697, Bolshaya Polyanka, 37)
• Church of St. Catherine the Great Martyr on Vspolye (Compound of the Orthodox Church in America under the Moscow Patriarchate, Bolshaya Ordynka St., 60/2, p.4)

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  Church of John the Warrior (1704-1717, Big Yakimanka, 46)

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  Temple of Catherine the Great Martyr on Vspolye (1766-1775, architect Karl Blank , Bolshaya Ordynka, 60/2)

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  The Temple of Sophia, the Wisdom of God in the Middle Gardeners ( Sofiyskaya Embankment , 32)

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  Marfo-Mariinsky Convent (1908–1912, architect Alexei Schusev , Bolshaya Ordynka, 34)

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  Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Joy of All the Afflicted" on Bolshaya Ordynka (1831–1836, architect Osip Beauvais , Bolshaya Ordynka, 20)

Theaters

• Variety Theater

Architectural monuments

• Chambers of Averky Kirillov (XVII-XVIII centuries, Bersenevskaya Emb., 18-22)
• Historical building of Bolshaya Ordynka street and adjacent lanes of Kadashevsky settlement
• Igumnov House, French Embassy ( 1888 - 1895 , Bolshaya Yakimanka, 51)

Moscow Metro :

• 09   Polyanka , 06   08   Tretyakovskaya (near the border of the district) - north, center
• 06   October 05   October 06   Shabolovskaya (near the border) - south
• 05   Dobryninskaya - at the south-eastern border of the district

Ground transportation:

• Tram line on Shabolovka (routes A, 14, 26, 47).
• Trolleybus routes m4 , 4, 7, 8.
• Bus routes m1, m5, m6 , B, Bq, K, 111, 196, 275, 144, 144k, T10, T79.

• 2004 - 2008 - Fomina Galina Vasilyevna
• 2008 - Manukyan Aram Vazgenovich
• 2008 - 2017 - Fomina Galina Vasilyevna

• 2017 - Present - Andrey Morev, Morev

• 1997–1998 - Sokolovsky Viktor Alekseevich
• 1999—2001 - Gatilov Sergey Konstantinovich
• 2001—2002 - Sergey N. Noskov
• 2002—2005 - Senderov, Yuri Grigorievich
• 2005—2010 - Kuznetsov Sergey Ivanovich
• 2010—2013 - Stolbov Mikhail Arkadyevich
• 2013—2014 - Dzhioev Eduard Dzhemalovich
• 2014—2015 - Roman Nikolayevich Aleksakhin
• 2015—2017 - Romanova Natalya Nikolaevna
• 2018 - present time - Makarova Elena Vladimirovna

• Government of Yakimanka District
• Municipal district Yakimanka
• Yakimanka District Administration, on the INFOGRAD portal
• Portal about Yakimanka
• Community Yakimanka District LiveJournal

• Instagram Board of Yakimanka District
• Facebook admin page