Yakov Anikeevich Stroganov ( October 9, 1528 - September 8, 1577 ) - a major Russian industrialist and merchant .
| Yakov Anikeevich Stroganov | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | October 9, 1528 |
| Date of death | September 8, 1577 (48 years old) |
| Citizenship | Russian kingdom |
| Occupation | merchant and industrialist |
| Father | Anikei Fedorovich Stroganov |
| Mother | Sofia Andreevna Bakuleva |
| Spouse | Evfimiya Fedorovna Okhlopkova |
| Children | Anna, Barbara, Joachim, Dmitry, Moses, Matron, Euthymius, Ulyana, Theodosius, Ivan, Michael and Maxim |
Biography
Representative of the Stroganov family. The eldest son of Anikei Fedorovich Stroganov (1488-1570) and Sofia Andreevna Bakuleva (1509-1567). The brothers - Gregory and Semyon , and the rest of the brothers (Dmitry, Kirill, Mikhail Bolshoi, Semyon, Mikhail Menshoy, Fedor Bolshoi and Fedor Menshoy) died in childhood.
In 1559, Yakov Stroganov, together with his father, mother and brothers, moved from Solvychegodsk to Perm the Great .
In March 1568, Tsar Ivan the Terrible granted Yakov Stroganov a request for possession of vast land on the left side of the Chusovaya and Kama rivers down to Lasvinsky Bor for 20 miles (4,129,217 dessiatins). The tsarist government allowed Jacob Stroganov to build towns on the Chusovaya River . The new possessions of Yakov Anikeevich were exempted from taxes and duties for 10 years.
In 1570, Yakov Stroganov built the Lower Chusovskoy town, Sylvensky and Yayvensky prison. In August 1572, in response to the murder of 87 Russian " trading people " by the Cheremis and Bashkirs under the towns of Kankar and Kergedan , the tsarist government ordered Yakov and Grigory Stroganov , " having chosen hunting people, to go to war with them and bring the Tsarskaya under their high arm ." The rebels took a march on the possessions of the brothers Jacob and Grigory Stroganov , killed 487 people, captured many, burned and robbed several villages and repairs. The brothers assembled a detachment of “hunting Cossacks”, which, with the support of the Ostyaks and Vogulichs, attacked the rebels. “ Those traitors were soon fought, their homes were ruined, many were killed, and the rest were peaceful. ”
Soon after the death of his father, between Grigory and Yakov Anikeevich, on the one hand, and their younger brother Semyon, who lived in Solvychegodsk , on the other, hostility arose, the reasons for which remain unknown. The matter reached the Tsar’s court, by which Semyon Stroganov was found guilty in 1573, and his older brothers “were extradited ”.
In 1573, the Siberian Khan Kuchum , fearing the strengthening of the Stroganov brothers, organized a military raid on their possessions. On June 2, a large detachment of Siberian Tatars, Ostyaks, and Vogulichs led by Tsarevich Mametkul attacked the Chusovsky town of Kangor , but could not take possession of it. However, the enemy killed many of the natives subjugated by Russians in the vicinity. Yakov and Grigory Stroganov sent a large detachment from Chusovsky town against Mametkul , who retreated beyond the Urals. The Stroganovs began to pursue the Tatars, on the way they attacked the settlements of those Ostyaks and Vogulichs who either joined the Mametkul detachment, or somehow helped the latter. Many residents were killed, "they took their wives and children to the fullest, they turned their homes to ashes ."
In March 1574, Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered the brothers Jacob and Grigory Stroganov to immediately arrive from Moscow to Alexandrov Sloboda . Here the tsar had several lengthy conversations with them, asking them in detail about various circumstances related to the relationship between the Kama lands and Siberia, and carefully listening to their opinion on the measures necessary to curb the Tatars and the Siberian Khan Kuchum .
In May of the same year, “ eminent people ” Yakov and Grigory Anikeevich Stroganov received a letter from the tsar to new vast territories beyond the Ugra Stone on Takhchei , Tobol and Irtysh and the Ob ( Vagran lands - 887 325 dessiatins and 42 square fathoms, Turin wasteland - 99 110 acres and 1575 square sazhens, Zaozerskaya dacha - 238 325 acres).
In the Latukhinskaya Degree Book , it is reported that in 1574 , during the stay of Jacob and Grigory Stroganov in Moscow , one of them, apparently, it was Jacob, with great success “ healed ” the wounds inflicted on him by Boris Godunov the king himself during one of his angry outbursts.
On May 18, 1577, Yakov Stroganov was given a tsar’s diploma for the development of iron ore, which he found in the swamps of the Sodromsky volost on the Vaga.
Yakov Stroganov himself lived in the Lower Chusovsky town.
In September 1577, 48-year-old Yakov Anikeevich Stroganov died. He was buried in the Annunciation Cathedral of Solvychegodsk . According to his will, the left bank of Chusova and Sylva went to his younger brother Semyon , and the right bank of the river to his only son Maxim .
Family and Children
From 1545/1546 he was married to Euphemia Fyodorovna Okhlopkova ( 1530 - 1593 ), daughter of Fyodor (Kondraty) Vasilyevich Okhlopkov (d. 1568 ) and Mary (monk Martha) (d. 1569 ). Children:
- Anna
- Barbara (1546-1627), wife of a posad man from Vologda Ivan Chudinov
- Joachim (c. 1547 - c. 1550)
- Dmitry (c. 1548 - c. 1551)
- Moses (c. 1549 - c. 1552)
- Matrona (born ca. 1550 - died in infancy)
- Euphemia (born c. 1551 - died in infancy)
- Ulyana (born c. 1552 - died in infancy)
- Theodosius (c. 1553-1586)
- Ivan (c. 1554 - c. 1557)
- Michael (c. 1556 - c. 1557)
- Maxim (1557-1624)
Sources
- Kuptsov I.V. "Rod of the Stroganovs . " - Chelyabinsk : TO "Stone belt", 2005. - 224 p. - ISBN 5-88771-031-4 .
- History of Russian clans. Stroganovs
- Yakov Anikeevich Stroganov on the site "Rodovod"