Larisa Alekseevna Zhadova (nee Zhidova ; August 13, 1927 , Tver - December 9, 1981 , Moscow ) - Soviet art critic , historian of art and design ; Researcher of the Russian avant-garde . The author of the first monograph on Vladimir Tatlin . The daughter of the Soviet military leader Alexei Zhadov , the wife and widow of the poet Semyon Gudzenko , the fourth and last wife of the poet and writer Konstantin Simonov .
| Larisa Alekseevna Zhadova | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | August 13, 1927 |
| Place of Birth | Tver , USSR |
| Date of death | December 9, 1981 (54 years old) |
| Place of death | Moscow , USSR |
| A country |  the USSR |
| Scientific field | art history, art history |
| Place of work | Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov , IITI of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR , Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts (ITII) of the USSR Academy of Arts , All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE), Central Training and Experimental Studio of the Union of Artists of the USSR |
| Alma mater | Department of History and Theory of Art, Faculty of History, Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov |
| Academic degree | Ph.D. in History of Arts |
| Known as | Researcher of the Russian avant-garde |
Thanks in large part to Larisa Zhadova, acting through her husband, the influential literary functionary Konstantin Simonov, the Russian avant-garde, while maintaining a general ban, was partially returned to Soviet culture and scientific research in the 1970s.
A contemporary described Zhadova as a “tough and conscientious woman” [1] .
Content
Biography
Larisa Zhidova was born on August 13, 1927 in Tver [2] in the family of the Soviet commander Alexei Zhidov . In 1942, being the commander of the 66th Army , Alexei Zhidov, by direct order of Joseph Stalin , transferred to him by Konstantin Rokossovsky , changed his family name Zhidov , indicating Jewish origin , to Zhadov for himself and his family. New passports with this name, the wife and daughter of the general received, according to some information, the next day [3] [4] .
In 1945-1950, Larisa Zhadova studied at the Department of Art Studies of the Philological Faculty of Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov (Moscow State University), since 1950 - at the graduate school of the Department of History of Foreign Art of the History Department of Moscow State University . In 1954 she defended her thesis for the degree of Candidate of Art Criticism on the theme "Development of Realism in Czech Painting of the 19th Century" [2] .
Studying at the philological faculty of Moscow State University, Larisa Zhadova met with front-line poet Semyon Gudzenko , who she soon married. Due to the Jewish origin of the son-in-law (his mother was Jewish), Aleksey Zhadov completely refused to give his daughter material support [4] [5] :
| They say that I married by the calculation, the test was something like “hoo what a boss”! But it turned out - out of love, because he refused his daughter his disposition because of my half-life, forgetting that until recently he himself was full of Jews [4] . |
After the birth of daughter Katie in 1951, the situation of the family became completely disastrous. Suffered from front-line wounds and hard-earned by journalism, Simon Gudzenko died in 1953 from a brain tumor . After two brain operations, sensing a near end, Gudzenko instructed his closest friend journalist Arkady Galinsky not to leave his widow with his advice after his death. The day after the funeral, Galinsky, who at that time worked as his own correspondent for Literaturnaya Gazeta in Ukraine , brought the editor-in-chief of the newspaper, Konstantin Simonov , to Gudzenko’s dying verses addressed to his wife. The poems made a lasting impression on Simonov, and he immediately published them. Published in Literaturnaya Gazeta, they made no less impression on the poets Nazim Hikmet and Mikhail Lukonin - probably so strong and detonating that each of the three - Simonov, Hikmet and Lukonin - made a young widow an offer to become his wife. In 1955, Larisa Zhadova asked Galinsky who to prefer, and Galinsky, knowing the already collapsed family life of Simonov and Valentina Serova , replied: Simonova. Zhadova accepted the advice, and later she and Simonov considered Galinsky "as if the person who had condemned them" [6] .
The passion that had “burned” Simonov and Serov several years before and found a way out, including in the famous Simon poem “ Wait for me, ” apparently did not exist in the relations between Simonov and Zhadova. In 1969, Boris Pankin , the editor-in-chief of Komsomolskaya Pravda , held a conversation with Simonov in the presence of Larisa Zhadova:
| ... The first thing I blurted out when the four of us plunged somehow into the Volga — Larisa Alekseevna in front, next to the driver — I asked the uninvited person at dinner: “Why, after all, are you not writing more verses?” <...> “Poems,” he said, “you probably mean lyrical poems, or rather, intimate ones, written when the nerve of love is alive, and when it dies ...” Then I glanced in horror at the Larisa Alekseevna sitting in front. She sat calmly, and it was hard to understand whether she hears or not. “And when he dies off,” Simonov continued absolutely calmly, “it would be a sin to continue to write verses on this subject.” All this, I repeat, calmly, thoughtfully, with a textbook Simon carton: yes, yes, it’s simply sinful [7] . |
A possible explanation for the fact that Simonov stopped writing love lyrics can be found in the unpublished diaries of Larisa Zhadova. The poetic muse of Konstantin Simonov, according to Larisa Zhadova, was Valentina Serova. Zhadova thought that poetry was better than Serova, Simonov would no longer write, and took from him a promise not to devote poetry to her. Simonov kept this promise [8] .
Simonov adopted a five-year-old [9] child, Gudzenko and Zhadova, giving her his middle name and last name [10] , and in 1957, the second daughter Sasha [11] appeared in the new family. Simonov wanted to take this family from Valentina Serova, an alcoholic sufferer, and their joint daughter Masha, but couldn’t respond positively to Larisa Zhadova’s direct question “Can you guarantee that Valya will not appear with us?” And Masha was transferred to them to raise Serova’s mother Claudia Polovikova [12] .
Since 1954, Larisa Zhadova worked at Moscow State University, from 1958 - at IITI of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR , from 1960 - at the Institute of Theory and History of Fine Arts (ITII) of the USSR Academy of Arts , from 1966 until the end of her life - at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE), in the Central Training and Experimental Studio of the Union of Artists of the USSR [2] .
She died on December 9, 1981 in Moscow at the age of fifty-four years [2] . The remains of Larisa Zhadova were scattered by her daughters over the Buinichsky field - in the same place where two and a half years before that she, Alexei Simonov , Ekaterina Simonova-Gudzenko and Alexandra Simonova, was scattered according to his will, the remains of Konstantin Simonov [9] .
The son of Konstantin Simonov from his second marriage, Alexei Simonov, spoke of Larisa Zhadova that she “was very suitable for her father, because she was a tough and conscientious woman” [1] .
| His father’s last wife was a very steadfast, military soldier. She stood very strongly for the fulfillment of all the points of her father's will, there was no doubt that she was the widow of her husband. In this sense, she was a great fellow. If there is something up there, they are equally sinful or equally victorious [11] . |
Family
- Father - Alexei Semenovich Zhadov (nee Zhidov , 1901-1977), Soviet military leader, first deputy commander of the ground forces, army general. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945) [4] .
- First husband - Semyon Petrovich Gudzenko (née Sario Petrovich Gudzenko , 1922-1953), Soviet poet, journalist [4] .
- Daughter - Ekaterina Kirillovna Simonova-Gudzenko (nee Ekaterina Semenovna Gudzenko , b. 1951), Soviet and Russian historian, Japanese woman . After the death of her father and the new marriage of her mother, she was adopted by Konstantin Simonov and received a patronymic in his passport name Kirill . Doctor of Historical Sciences , Professor , Head of the Department of History and Culture of Japan, Institute of Asian and African Countries, Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov [9] .
- The second husband (from 1956 [9] ) - Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov (1915–1979), Soviet poet, writer. Larisa Zhadova was the fourth and last wife of Simonov.
- Daughter - Alexandra Kirillovna Simonova (1957-2000). Died from cancer [11] .
Scientific and promotional activities
Larisa Zhadova's articles on Western design to a large extent influenced the formation of a new generation of Soviet designers of the 1960s. Dmitry Azrikan recalled this:
| My <...> sense of design was greatly influenced by articles by Larisa Zhadova about Western designers - Mario Bellini , Ettore Sottsassa , Roger Tallone and others. Dieter Rams , Thomas Maldonado , Achille Castiglione , Joe Colombo - they all personified the design so much that it seemed that these people are the actual design [13] . |
Since the late 1960s, Larisa Zhadova has focused on studying the Russian avant-garde . Her monograph Search and Experiment. Russian and Soviet art in the 1910-1930s "( Suche und Experiment. Russische und sowjetische Kunst 1910 bis 1930 ), published in 1978 in Dresden in German. One of the first Zhadov investigated various aspects of the work of Boris Ender , Nikolai Suetin , Anna Leporskaya , Lyubov Popova , Mikhail Matyushin and other artists of the Russian avant-garde [2] .
Larisa Zhadova played a key role in the return of Vladimir Tatlin’s forbidden art in Soviet times to culture in the late 1970s, taking advantage of the influence of her husband, chairman of the board of the Union of Writers of the USSR Konstantin Simonov. In 1977, the Tatlin's personal exhibition initiated by her was organized by the Union of Writers of the USSR, the Union of Artists of the USSR and the Central State Archive of Literature and Art at the A.A. Fadeev Central House of Writers . However, the monograph Tatlin, prepared by Zhadova, did not receive permission to publish in the USSR and was published after the death of the author in 1983 in the Hungarian language at the Corvina publishing house in Budapest [14] . In 1984, Zhadova’s book on Tatlin was published also in German and English, in 1990 in French [2] .
Bibliography
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ivanitsky Sergey. Konstantin Simonov’s son Alexei: “My father had a“ puncture ”in his biography. Therefore, Stalin understood that papa would, if not for conscience, then necessarily fear. And so it happened. ” // Facts. - 2009. - September 4.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Simonova E. K. Zhadova Larisa Alekseevna // Encyclopedia of the Russian Avant-garde : Visual Arts. Architecture / Compiled by V. I. Rakitin , A. D. Sarabyanov ; Scientific editor A.D. Sarabyanov. - M .: RA, Global Expert & Service Team, 2013. - T. I: Biographies. AK . - p . 333—334 . - ISBN 978-5-902801-11-5 .
- ↑ A. Zhadov. Four years of the war. - M .: Military Publishing , 1978.- 364 p. - (Military memoirs).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kipnis S. “A” - and everything is in order! // Notes of a necropolitan: Walks in Novodevichy. - M .: Agraf , 2002.
- ↑ Baklanov Gregory . Enter the narrow gate // Enter the narrow gate. Fictional stories. - M .: RIC "Culture", 1995.
- ↑ Galinsky Arkady . How I was turned into “Solzhenitsyn of Soviet football” // Football courier . - 1994. - No. 1-4 .
- ↑ Pankin Boris . Second Wind // Top Secret . - 2012. - October 3 ( No. 10/25 ).
- ↑ One can only dream of such a father: [Interview with Ekaterina Simonova-Gudzenko ] // Tribune . - 2006. - 23 June.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Rayevskaya Maria. Konstantin Simonov dictated novels, and cooked dinner himself: [Interview with Ekaterina Simonova-Gudzenko ] // Evening Moscow . - 2015. - November 26th.
- ↑ Alex Simonov . Final chapter. Memoirs of Alexei Simonov about his father // Spark . - 2015. - November 23.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Milichenko Irina. Simonov's son: Director Kara is a son of a bitch! The painting "Star of the era" of this freak cost me so much blood // Gordon Boulevard . - 2015. - November 25th. Archived on November 26, 2015.
- ↑ Kuchkina Olga . Maria Simonova. Burned Letters // Free Love. - M .: Time , 2011. - (Personal stories of famous people). - ISBN 978-5-9691-0661-1 .
- ↑ There was industrial design in the USSR! [Interview with Dmitry Azrikan ] unopened (unavailable link) . AdMe. Date of treatment November 30, 2015. Archived December 8, 2015.
- ↑ Terekhovich M. A cryptographer from the Solntsev detachment. On the 125th anniversary of the birth of V.E. Tatlin // Architecture. Building. Design . - 2010. - № 4 . - p . 64-69 .
Literature
- Kipnis S. "A" - and everything is in order! // Notes of a necropolitan: Walks in Novodevichy. - M .: Agraf , 2002.
- Pankin Boris . Second Wind // Top Secret . - 2012. - October 3 ( No. 10/25 ).
- Simonova E. K. Zhadova Larisa Alekseevna // Encyclopedia of the Russian avant-garde : Fine Arts. Architecture / Compiled by V. I. Rakitin , A. D. Sarabyanov ; Scientific editor A.D. Sarabyanov. - M .: RA, Global Expert & Service Team, 2013. - T. I: Biographies. AK . - p . 333—334 . - ISBN 978-5-902801-10-8 .
Links
- Zhadova Larisa Alekseevna . The art and design of Tyumen. Date of treatment January 21, 2016.