Arboarchitecture ( lat. Arbor - tree) or Botanical architecture - a direction in architecture , offering to use living plants as the basis for building structures.
Content
History
In northeast India, rubber tree root sprouts are used to create bridges . When they grow to the other side of the river, people allow them to take root in the soil. After 10-15 years, a strong natural bridge is obtained. Such bridges can support up to 50 people [1] .
In Japan , suspension bridges made of vines were "built" through gorges. Two vines growing on opposite sides of the gorge grew freely until they became long enough to be tied together. Then they made a bridge. It is assumed that such bridges began to be built in the 12th century [1] . In some places, such bridges have survived to this day.
The people of the Uru tribe live on Lake Titicaca . They build their boats and dwellings from reeds . The floating islands on which the tribe lives are from live reeds. If necessary, they can be moved to another place. The Uru tribe has been living on its islands for more than 500 years [1] .
Natural hollows in tree trunks as housing have been used throughout the world from ancient times to the present. A striking example of this phenomenon is, for example, a bar in a baobab [2] . However, this practice is, for obvious reasons, limited.
Modernity
For the construction of the building using rapidly growing tree species ( willow , poplar ). Seedlings are planted in tubs along the perimeter of each floor, with the exception of the first, on which the seedlings are planted directly in the soil. By tilting the seedlings in the right direction and fastening them, they get a lattice that forms the basis of the supporting structure of the future building. Through the use of grafting, trees are combined into a single living organism. To give the structure the desired shape, scaffolding from metal pipes is used. In order to avoid the death of plants, their growth must be carefully monitored.
Due to the presence of the supporting frame, the trunks are weak. Therefore, to strengthen them, a computer-controlled system of winches and counterweights is created , which periodically creates alternating loads. After construction, the frame is disassembled [3] .
The advantages of the arboarchitecture are the environmental friendliness of the “construction” and the buildings themselves, the high resistance of the living tree to rot, natural decorativeness, low cost of materials, in the negative - the long process time, the specificity of the technologies used and the limited possibilities for their application. Nevertheless, this approach is developing and gaining more and more new supporters.
Such a “construction” does not require permission. Therefore, spontaneous planting of green buildings have become very popular in Germany . Over the course of several years, more than 10,000 plant constructions were erected in this country [4] .
See also
- Bonsai tree
- Topiar
- Arbosculpture
- A house on a tree
- Chapel Oak
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Botanical architecture (part 1) . Date of treatment February 7, 2014.
- ↑ A bar in a baobab hides tourists with living walls . Date of treatment February 24, 2014.
- ↑ The Living Tower took root in German soil . Date of treatment February 7, 2014.
- ↑ Architecture of living trees . Date of treatment February 7, 2014.
Links
- Scientists have proposed to grow living houses . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- The Living Tower took root in German soil . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- A bar in a baobab shelters tourists with live walls . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- Baubotanik-Turm is the most amazing building in the world . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- Botanical architecture (part 1) . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- How to grow a living house: arbo architecture . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- Architecture of living trees . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.
- Living architecture from Baubotanik . Date of treatment February 16, 2014.