Timiryazev, Ivan Semenovich

Born in a small family of the Timiryazevs - Semyon Ivanovich Timiryazev, a nobleman of the Moscow province, and his wife Olga Mikhailovna, nee Yuryeva, who came from a wealthy noble family of the Kostroma province.

The brothers Ivan and Arkady ^[1] , after starting their mother’s death in 1807, began serving as cadets in the Life Guards Jaeger Regiment ^[2] , the next year they transferred to the Horse Guards, where Ivan, in 1810, was promoted to cornet.

At the beginning of the war, Arkady was identified as adjutant to Prince Wittgenstein, and Ivan remained in the Horse Guards, as part of the corps of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich . During the war, among other things, he was in the Battle of Borodino , the battle of Kulm (the rank of staff captain and " Kulm Cross "), the battle of Leipzig (a gold sword with the inscription "For Courage" ).

Timiryazev recalled that once in Paris, he, along with his comrades, wandered to the famous soothsayer Le Norman . She did not say anything special to Timiryazev, but when she looked at the hand of one of his comrades, she unexpectedly refused to answer, and only after much persuasion did she indicate that this man would not die by her own death. After the events of December 14, 1825, Timiryazev remembered this incident, and that officer - Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev ^[3] .

In 1813, Timiryazev was appointed adjutant to Konstantin Pavlovich; in 1814 he was in the retinue of Alexander I at the Vienna Congress . In 1816 he received the rank of colonel, in 1819 he retired, but eight years later, to get consent to marry, he again entered the service - in the Life Guards Grodno Hussars Regiment . In 1828, under the patronage of Konstantin Pavlovich, he became the wing-adjutant of Nicholas I. In contrast to the assault on Warsaw in August 1831 he was promoted to major general with admission to His Majesty's retinue.

In the spring of 1834 he was appointed correcting the position of the Astrakhan military governor and managing the civilian part, in 1835 he was approved in office. Under him, on December 12, 1837, the "provincial museum" was opened in Astrakhan; even earlier, on July 3, 1837, the "Astrakhan Provincial Gazette" began to be published; June 19, 1838 the opening of the public library. A lot of effort was spent on protecting fisheries, for which Timiryazev allocated 9 military vessels. Timiryazev's support for trade with Persia was marked in August 1841 by the Persian Order of Leo and the Sun of the 1st degree. To support the peasants, auxiliary loans for small loans were established, and the network of emergency stores was expanded in case of crop failures. Measures were taken to create medical and veterinary posts in the village, to expand the network of lower schools, and points to promote agronomic knowledge.

I. S. Timiryazev also commanded the Astrakhan Cossack army . In this regard, he took measures to improve the Cossack villages. In 1840 he was promoted to lieutenant general.

In connection with complaints of allegedly incorrect actions by I. S. Timiryazev, as a military governor, in the early autumn of 1843 a senate revision was suddenly appointed in the Astrakhan province, headed by Prince P. P. Gagarin ; Timiryazev’s local influence was so great that in his presence it was impossible to conduct an audit and during the audit, in the spring of 1844, he was recalled to St. Petersburg, followed by a decree resigning him from the post of military governor, and in 1845 he was fired from the military service. “In the zemstvo court, the cases lay motionless for many years, the office of the governor Timiryazev was a chaos of unrest,” the inspectors reported to the capital ^[4] . Timiryazev for a long time left for his estate Rzhavets Likhvinsky county of Kaluga province, inherited by his father from his brother Vasily Ivanovich Timiryazev.

The circumstances of the audit are recorded in the letters of I. S. Aksakov , who, as a participant in it, lived in Astrakhan for almost 10 months. A. I. Baryatinsky , who was traveling to Astrakhan in October 1856, recalled that I. S. Timiryazev “changed the chronology in the province <...> They say:“ This was before Timiryazev, and this is after him “”. The Senate audit dragged on for almost 10 years and as a result could not prove the abuse of Timiryazev. In 1853, with the highest command, the rank of lieutenant general was returned to him and he was recruited with an appointment to attend the Senate . In addition, Nicholas I leased Timiryazev for a period of twelve years a large plot of land in the Samara province .

In 1863, a blow occurred with Ivan Semenovich Timiryazev - for several months he was paralyzed. But he soon resumed work in the Senate, met with Alexander II , criticized some provisions of the reform on February 19, 1861. The emperor listened to the comments, but did not accept them; nevertheless, Timiryazev was given part of the Alexandria Palace in Neskuchny Sad in Moscow, where he had the opportunity to be treated and rest. Died the day before his 77th birthday.

He had a number of orders, including St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree, St. George 4th degree, White Eagle , the Prussian Order of Merit , the Austrian Order of Leopold , the Bavarian Order of Maximilian and the Persian Order of Leo and the Sun of the 1st degree.

On October 7, 1828 ^{[5] he} was married to Sofya Fedorovna Bezobrazova (02/06/1799 - 08/08/1875), the daughter of Senator Fedor Fedorovich Vadkovsky from his marriage to Countess Ekaterina Ivanovna Chernysheva; sister of members of the Southern Society, Decembrists F.F. and A.F. Vadkovsky . In her first marriage since 1816, Sofya Fedorovna was married to Colonel Pyotr Mikhailovich Bezobrazov (1788-1819). She was familiar with Karamzin , Pushkin , Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky . According to the memoirs of her son, Pushkin once, visiting Timiryazevs, told her: “Ah, Sofya Fedorovna, as I look at you and your height, it seems to me that fate, as a shopkeeper, has measured me . ” She was very tall for a woman (about 180 cm) and when she appeared in society with her friends, Countess Potemkina and Countess Choiselle, they were called in the world, solely for their height, “monstrous bouquet” ( le bouquet monstre ). The poet Vyazemsky dedicated a poem to Timiryazev in 1822. She left the memories, their excerpt, under the heading "Date with the Emperor Alexander Pavlovich", was published in the "Russian Archive" ^{[6] [7]} . She died in Moscow in 1875. I had children in marriage:

• Olga Ivanovna (1831-1897) - maid of honor of the court (1866), pianist, student of N.G. Rubinshtein .
• Fedor Ivanovich (1832–1897) - amateur pianist, Saratov governor in 1879–1881.
• Alexander Ivanovich (1837–1895) - his wife, Olga Borisovna Danzas (10.20.1840–6.10.1879), daughter of a real privy councilor B.K. Danzas ^{[8] [9]} .

• Timiryazev, Ivan Semenovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : At 25 tons / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918.
• Pages of the Past // Russian Archive . - 1884. - Book. one . - S. 155-180, 298-330.

• Biography