Admiralty School

Voronezh Admiralty Russian School

The construction of a military fleet for the Azov campaigns of Tsar Peter I at the shipyards of Voronezh at the end of the 17th century - the beginning of the 18th century required a large number of naval specialists.

In Voronezh , ships were mainly built by foreign master shipbuilders, but Tsar Peter tried to train his own, Russian specialists as soon as possible, dreamed of "inventing the shortest and most capable way to bring science and his people as quickly as possible."

At the beginning of the XVIII century, the construction of the navy at the shipyards of the Voronezh Admiralty took on a wide scope. Soon, a shortage of shipbuilding specialists became acute. “I have great need for officers,” wrote Admiralty F. M. Apraksin from Voronezh to Moscow on May 2, 1702.

In the spring of 1703, by personal order of the tsar, F. M. Apraksin opened the Admiralty Russian school in Voronezh "for the preparation of landlords in different parts." Then it was ordered to send to Voronezh "for the sake of teaching sailors from among the best students of two people" from the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigation Sciences .

Teachers in Voronezh sent the first graduates of the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences Athanasius Pobegailov and Peter Frolov. Textbooks and writing materials were sent with them. For the first time, 90 people of young dragoons who were taught literacy and arithmetic were recruited to school ^[1] .

The Voronezh school became the first state educational institution in the city of Voronezh, and the first state professional educational institution in Russia to train various shipbuilding specialists, junior naval officers, and military instructors. Her teachers and students, who were mainly from "artisans", received a salary . The school was located on the territory of the cable yard, which was "near the old Moscow gate." In addition to teachers sent from Moscow, the school was taught by a local resident, a singing bishop’s choir, cod Semyon Minin. He was a teacher of “verbal doctrine” and combined his position with the work of a bookbinder in the Voronezh Admiralty .

On May 6, 1703, a significant number of “printed books were bought from Moscow to Voronezh, which were bought for teaching to master craftsmen who are in shipbuilding in Voronezh” - forty-nine primers in Slavic and Latin, three hundred alphabets, one hundred thirty Psalters, one hundred Chasoslov, forty-eight arithmetic of Leonty Magnitsky .

The Voronezh school was called the Admiralty Russian school, because there they taught to read and write in Russian in contrast to the "multilingual German schools" and it was under the jurisdiction of the Admiralty Order .

Tavrov Admiralty School

In 1705, the school from Voronezh was transferred to Tavrovo (therefore, in some publications it is called “Tavrovskaya”), where, by order of Peter I, the Tavrov shipyard and fortress were laid on the left bank of the Voronezh river. The school successfully continued to prepare masters of shipbuilding, which influenced the creation of small admiralty schools in other cities of Russia.

Shipbuilding work in Tavrov continued intermittently until 1740, and the local Admiralty was officially abolished in the fall of 1741. Probably, at the same time the Tavrov Admiralty School closed.

Admiralty schools in the cities of the Russian Empire and the Russian Empire

In 1717, the first Admiralty School was opened at the Admiralty Chancellery, designed to teach the most literate young people the basics of shipbuilding science.

On April 16, 1722, Peter the Great ordered the Admiralty to open admiralty schools for training in maritime affairs in other cities. In 1725, similar schools already existed in 23 cities. Such schools were opened in Astrakhan , Kronstadt , Kazan , Novgorod , Vologda , Narva and other cities. By 1727, more than 2 thousand students were trained in them, from which they trained senior carpenters, foremen, naval commandants and draftsmen (draftsmen) ^[2] .

In June 2003, in the city square of Voronezh on Kardashova Street, a memorial was inaugurated in honor of the 300th anniversary of the opening of the first state educational institution in the city of Voronezh - the Admiralty Russian school ^[3] .

• Garrison school

• Bolkhovitinov E. A. "Historical, geographical and economic description of the Voronezh province." Voronezh, 1800.
• Bykhovsky I.A. "Petrovsky shipbuilders." - L .: Shipbuilding, 1982. - 100 p.
• Zagorovsky V.P. “Peter the Great on Voronezh Land.” Voronezh, 1996. P. 108-118.

• The development of ship navigation in Russia in the first half of the 18th century.