Rapids of the Nile - a series of six rapids of the Nile River between Khartoum and Aswan . The traditional numbering of the thresholds of the Nile goes from the bottom up: from Aswan to Khartoum.
Between the 1st and 4th thresholds (according to other sources - between the 1st and 6th [1] ) Nubia is located. It is divided into Lower (1-2 thresholds) and Upper [2] .
Thresholds
The rapids of the Nile are considered upstream (from north to south). The first threshold is in modern Egypt , the next five are in Sudan . Threshold coordinates [3] :
- The first threshold passes within Aswan ( ). The original position of the 1st threshold was chosen for the construction of the Aswan Dam .
- The second threshold [4] was located in the north of Sudan, on the border of Lower Nubia and Upper Nubia; nowadays, the Nasser dam , formed as a result of the construction of the Aswan Dam ( )
- The third threshold [5] is located in the region of , Nubia ( )
- The fourth threshold [5] (the most impassable in antiquity) was in . Flooded as a result of the construction at the end of 2008. ( )
- The 5th threshold [5] is located at the confluence of the Wadi El-Khumar into the Nile ( )
- The 6th threshold [5] is located in the area of the city of Abu Dom ( ). Here, the flow of the river is impeded by the rocks of the Gebel-Rauviyan ridge, deflecting the flow to the east. The river goes to the rifts, passing through the 15-kilometer canyon of Shabluk (from ar. - "trench").
Geology
The second, third and fourth rapids are located on the territory of the Nubian Upland - a hilly area where the Nile bends strongly, repeatedly changing the direction of its course. Here, the river flows through the crystalline rocks of the foundation of the Sahara-Arabian Plate [6] . The region is characterized by seismic activity [7] .
Gallery
First threshold
Third threshold
Fourth threshold
Fifth threshold
Sixth threshold
Notes
- ↑ Richard A. Lobban Jr. Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia . - Scarecrow Press, 2003 .-- P. 282. - 560 p. - ISBN 9780810865785 .
- ↑ Egypt . - Sixth. - M .: Vanguard, 2007 .-- S. 66. - ISBN 9785863942933 .
- ↑ The River Nile Homepage .
- ↑ Thresholds of the Nile // Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / ed. ed. A.M. Komkov . - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - M .: Nedra , 1986.- S. 82.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia // Atlas of the World / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; ch. ed. G.V. Pozdnyak . - M .: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - S. 150-151. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
- ↑ Section: Africa. Inland waters . Institute of Geography RAS . Date of appeal April 30, 2016.
- ↑ Allison K. Thurmond, Robert J. Stern, Mohamed G. Abdelsalam, Kent C. Nielsen, Mamdouh M. Abdeen, Emily Hinz. The Nubian Swell University of Texas at Dallas , 09/22/2014