HMS Windsor Castle (1790) - 98-gun battleship of the second rank . The Royal Navy’s third ship, named HMS Windsor Castle , after Windsor Castle , the official residence of the British monarchs of the Windsor House. Fourth battleship type London . Laid on August 19, 1784 . Launched on May 3, 1790 at the Royal Shipyard in Deptford . [one]
| Hms windsor castle | |
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| Hms windsor castle | |
 HMS Windsor Castle during Caldera battle | |
| Service | |
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| Title | Hms windsor castle |
| original name | Hms windsor castle |
| Class and type of vessel | rank 2 battleship like London |
| Type of sailing weapon | Three mast ship |
| Organization |  Royal fleet |
| Manufacturer | royal shipyard, deptford |
| The author of the ship drawing | Thomas Slade |
| Construction started | August 19, 1784 |
| Launched | May 3, 1790 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | demoted to 74-gun in 1814 disassembled, 1839 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 1,874 tons ( BM ) |
| Gondek length | 177 ft 6 in (54.10 m) |
| Midship Width | 49 ft (15 m) |
| Depth of intrum | 21 ft (6.4 m) |
| Engines | Sail |
| Crew | 746 |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 98 |
| Gundeck Guns | 28 × 32-fn. guns |
| Midsection of Midsection | 30 × 18-fn. guns |
| Guns on the operdek | 30 × 12-fn. guns |
| Guns on the Trench | 8 × 12-fn. guns |
| Guns on the tank | 2 × 12-fn. guns |
Service
On April 15, 1793, under the command of Captain Sir Thomas Bayard, he sailed from Spithead with a squadron of five battleships (two 98-gun and three 74-gun) and two frigates under the command of Vice Admiral Philip Cosby, to form the second division of the fleet for operations in the Mediterranean the sea . [2]
In early August 1794, Windsor Castle (Vice-Adm. Philip Cosby, Captain Sir Thomas Bayard) went to Bastia with Lord Hood on Victory in pursuit of the French squadron, which sought to get into Gurzhan Bay. Due to the stormy weather, the British were forced to return and the French squadron got the opportunity to return to Toulon .
March 9, 1795 Windsor Castle (Rear Admiral Robert Lanzi, Captain John Gore), together with the Mediterranean fleet sailed from Livorno to meet the French fleet the next day. At dawn on March 13, Admiral William Hotham raised the signal for a general chase, which ended the next day with the capture of Ca-Ira and Censeur, and the two fleets dispersed in opposite directions. [2]
On July 8, 1795, the fleet anchored in the Gulf of San Fiorenzo. When information was received that the French fleet was nearby, the British rushed in pursuit. The enemy was discovered on July 13, an order was issued for a general pursuit, but the battle ended with an uncertain result, the French lost only one 74-gun ship. As a result, a wave of criticism fell upon Admiral William Hotham , and perhaps that is why on November 1, 1795 he was removed from his post.
Windsor Castle was part of a Robert Calder squadron blocking Ferrol . July 15, 1805 sailed to the area of Cape Finisterre to intercept the Franco-Spanish fleet returning from the West Indies . He took part in the battle of Cape Finisterre on July 22, 1805. Lost 10 people killed and 35 wounded. He won a portion of the prize money for the Spanish ships San Rafael and Firme captured that day. [3]
On September 25, a French squadron of five frigates and two corvettes , commanded by Commodore Eleanor-Jean-Nicolas Soleil, escorted a convoy carrying supplies and troops to the French West Indies . The English squadron intercepted the convoy, which led to the battle of September 25, 1806, in which the British were able to capture four frigates: Armeide, Minerva, Indefatigable and Gloire . Frigate Thetis and Sylphe Corvette escaped with Lynx , who managed to escape the pursuit of Windsor Castle . [four]
In the Mediterranean, Windsor Castle participated in the unsuccessful 1807 Dardanelles operation of Vice Admiral Sir John Duckworth . [5] On February 19, Windsor Castle lost seven people wounded in the battle of Abydos . Near the redoubt at Cape Pesk, the British fleet collided with a Turkish squadron of one 64-gun battleship, four frigates and eight other ships, most of which they forced to run aground. Marines took possession of the battery, riveted guns and destroyed machine tools. Stranded Turkish ships were boarded by the British on boats and destroyed.
On February 27, Windsor Castle lost one person to assist marines in their landing on the island of Prota. [6] When passing through the Dardanelles, a Turkish fortress on Abydos fired upon an English squadron. Granite cannonballs weighing up to 800 kg and up to 6 feet in diameter fell into Windsor Castle , Standard and Active . Windsor Castle was seriously damaged when an 800-pound stone from a Turkish cannon cut its main mast. [7] Windsor Castle lost four people dead and 20 wounded. In total, the British lost 29 people killed and 138 wounded. Not a single ship was lost. [6]
Windsor Castle took part in the 1807 Alexandria expedition of John Duckworth , and in May left Alexandria and sailed for Malta .
In 1814 he was reduced to a 74-gun. Since 1836 it has been used as a floating warehouse in Plymouth . It was scrapped and dismantled in 1839. [one]
Links
- ↑ 1 2 Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 179.
- ↑ 1 2 Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels
- ↑ No. 15997, p. 143 (Eng.) // London Gazette : newspaper. - L .. - Iss. 15997 . - No. 15997 . - P. 143 . - ISSN 0374-3721 .
- ↑ No. 16111, p. 113 (Eng.) // London Gazette : Newspaper. - L .. - Iss. 16111 . - No. 16111 . - P. 113 . - ISSN 0374-3721 .
- ↑ Howard, pp. 15-20.
- ↑ 1 2 James (1837), Vol. 4, pp. 296-312.
- ↑ Yeo, R., p. 683.
Literature
- Edward Howard. Memoires of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, KCB, & c., Volume 2. - Adamant Media Corporation, 2003.
- Brian Lavery. The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. - Conway Maritime Press, 2003. - ISBN 0-85177-252-8 .
- William James The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV. - R. Bentley, 1837. - ISBN 0-85177-906-9 .
- Richard R. Yeo. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. - Routledge, 1999.
- HMS Windsor Castle Index of 19th Century Naval Vessels and a few of their movements