H

In Russian, means whistling sounds [3] or [3 '] (in front of e , e , i , u , i , i and some soft consonants); at the end of words and before deaf consonants is stunned in [с] or [с '], respectively (ace [tus], fairy tale [skaska], ointment [wt'], kuzka [kus'ka]). Before sizzling people they are likened to them: without a wife (without [W]), lower (nor [shsh] iy, etc.). The combinations of SC , hello are read just like u , that is, like a long soft [shsh '] : cab driver (izvo [shsh '] ik), star-shaped (star [shsh'] aty).

In other Slavic languages ​​in general, reading the letter H is similar; The main differences may be in the lower prevalence of stunning [s] in [s] and in reading the combination dz not in two sounds, but as a whole - in the form of a voiced affricate , paired with a deaf c .

Russian spelling, generally etymological, gives one of the few concessions to pronunciation when spelling consoles ending in c / s . The rules of their writing go back to the Old Slavonic and changed several times. In particular, there were the following systems.

Modern Russian spelling

The prefix does not change; other prefixes ( without- , vz- ( voz- ), iz- , low- , raz- , through- ( through- )) have s before vowels and voiced consonants, but with before deaf consonants. (The word nearby is considered to have two roots, not a prefix, and therefore does not contradict this rule.)

Pre-Revolutionary Russian Spelling

The prefixes with- , without- and through- ( through- ) do not change; other prefixes ( vz- ( voz- ), iz-, low-, raz- ) have s in front of vowels and voiced consonants, as well as in front of c , but with before other deaf consonants.

Church Slavonic spelling (from the middle of the 17th century )

The prefixes with- , without- , through- ( through- ) and low do not change ( exception: the verb zgarati , although it is burned ); the prefixes vz- ( voz- ), iz- and raz- have z before vowels and voiced consonants, and also before c and w , but with before other deaf consonants. In some editions, the h does not change to c also before c and h , but formally this is considered an error.

The letter Z is a part of digraphs Dz (in Belarusian , Ukrainian , and also some other languages) and J (in Russian), denoting a voiced affricate [ d͡z ], constituting a pair with a deaf [ t͡s ], usually denoted by the letter Ts .

By the beginning of typography in the Eastern Slavs, the letter Z existed in several outlines, among which the Z-shaped and Z-shaped differed quite clearly. This difference in some currents of written tradition (especially in Ukraine) acquired a spelling meaning: the sign Z was used at the beginning of words, and Z in the middle and at the end (cf. with a similar distinction between the two forms of the image of the letter D ). Both versions were present in the fonts of Ivan Fedorov , although he used them quite arbitrarily. The later Ukrainian Church Slavonic publications, up to the end of the XIX century , kept this distinction very strictly, which is one of their characteristic differences from Great Russian publications. In the latter, the difference between the letters Z and Z was observed until the middle of the XVIII century , but in a softer form: the Z-shaped sign was mostly met as the second letter of the two adjacent W ( raise , without law , etc.), and all other letters W printed in 3-way.

In HTML, an uppercase letter W can be written as & # x0417; or & # 1047; , and lowercase h like & # x0437; or & # 1079; .

In the version of Unicode 5.1, the Old Slavonic Z-shaped “ground” is separated from the modern Z, with the codes U + A640 and U + A641 (Ꙁꙁ) assigned to it.

• Bulich S.K. ,. W // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Karsky, E. F. Slavonic Cyrillic Paleography / Ed. ed. Acad. V.I. Borkovsky . - 2nd ed., Facsimile . - L., M. (fax): Because of the USSR Academy of Sciences; from “Science” (fax), 1928, 1979 (fax). - p. 191-192. - 494 s. - 2700 copies