"Chesma" or "St. John the Baptist" is a sailing battleship of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Empire , one of the ships of the type "St. Paul", a participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774 .
| Chesma | |
|---|---|
| Service | |
 Russia | |
| Class and type of vessel | sailing ship of the line |
| Type of sailing weapon | Three mast ship |
| Organization | Baltic Fleet |
| Manufacturer | St. Petersburg Admiralty |
| Ship master | I.V. Yames |
| Construction started | June 13 ( 24 ), 1766 |
| Launched | October 9 ( 20 ), 1770 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | 1781 year |
| Main characteristics | |
| Upper Deck Length | 51.5 m |
| Midship Width | 14.1 m |
| Draft | 6.27 m |
| Mover | sail |
| Armament | |
| Total number of guns | 80/74 |
Ship Description
Representative of a series of sailing three-deck ships of the line "St. Paul". Ships of this type were built from 1743 to 1770 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty . In total, 10 battleships were built as part of the series [comm. 1] . The length of the ship was 55.5 meters [comm. 2] , width - 14.1 meters [comm. 3] , and draft - 6.3 [comm. 4] meters. The initial armament of the vessel consisted of 80 guns, during the timbering in Kronstadt in 1780 it was converted into a 74-gun [1] [2] [3] .
It was named in honor of the victory of the Russian fleet in the Battle of Chesme on June 26 ( July 7 ), 1770 on the day of St. John the Baptist , the second name of the ship is "St. John the Baptist" [4] .
Service History
The ship "Chesma" was laid down June 13 ( 24 ), 1766 in the St. Petersburg Admiralty, and after launching on October 9 ( 20 ), 1770 became part of the Baltic Fleet of Russia . The construction was carried out by shipbuilder I.V. Yames [4] [2] [3] .
From July to September 1771 he went on a practical voyage to the Baltic Sea as part of a squadron. In October of that year, he made the transition from Kronstadt to Revel [4] .
He took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774 . On May 8 ( 19 ), 1772 , at the head of the Fourth Archipelago Squadron under the flag of Rear Admiral V. Ya. Chichagov, he left Revel and, following the route Copenhagen - English Channel - Gibraltar - Port Magon , arrived in Livorno on August 15 (26) . Where, after transferring command of the squadron to the Commander of the Count Orlov ship, Captain 1st Rank MT T. Konyaev, Rear Admiral V. Ya. Chichagov left the squadron and left for Russia [5] .
On August 28 ( September 8 ), 1772 , the squadron, which included the Chesma ship, left Livorno, on September 29 ( October 10 ) approached the island of Tserigo and began to cruise between it and the island of Candia . On October 25 ( November 5 ), a Turkish squadron was discovered by Russian ships in the Gulf of Patras. The next day , October 26 ( November 6 ), a Russian squadron attacked the Turkish one, and the latter departed deep into the bay under the protection of the batteries of the Patras fortress. On October 27 ( November 7 ), ships of the Russian squadron shelled Turkish ships, maneuvering under sails. During the Battle of Patras on October 28 ( November 8 ), the Chesma ship anchored against the enemy’s line and opened fire with the firearm , while the Turkish frigate and shebek were set on fire. After that, in order to avoid an attack by the enemy’s firebrands , he anchored and began firing at Turkish ships with cores and buckshot, maneuvering under sails. After the destruction of the Turkish ships, the ships of the Russian squadron anchored in the Gulf of Patras. On November 4 (15), the squadron left the bay and on November 19 (30) joined the fleet off the island of Mikono [6] .
In 1773 and 1774, the ship took part in cruising voyages in the Archipelago and the blockade of the Dardanelles . In August 1774, the ship left the Archipelago and through Livorno left for Port Magon for repairs, from where on August 15 ( 26 ), 1775 , as part of the squadron of Vice Admiral A.V. Elmanov, he left for Russia. Passing the route Gibraltar - Portsmouth - Copenhagen, October 9 (20) ships of the squadron arrived in Revel [6] .
In June 1776 he made the transition from Revel to Kronstadt, where on July 7 (18) he took part in the Highest Review of the ships of the Archipelago Squadrons. In the same year he participated in the exercises of the fleet near Krasnaya Gorka. After 1776, the Chesma ship did not go to sea, it was in Kronstadt harbor, where in 1781 it was dismantled [3] [6] .
Ship Commanders
At different times, the commanders of the Chesma battleship were [6] :
- P. Fasting (1771);
- I.I. Aklein (from April to August 1772);
- P.N. Anichkov (from August 1772 to 1777).
Notes
Comments
- ↑ Also in the series included the battleships “ St. John Chrysostom the First ”, “ St. Nicholas ”, “ St. Andrew the First-Called ”, “ St. Clement of the Pope ”, “ Cyr John ”, “ St. Catherine ”, “ Svyatoslav ” and two “St. Paul » 1743 and 1755 years of construction
- ↑ 169 feet.
- ↑ 46 ft. 4 in.
- ↑ 20 feet 7 inches.
References to sources
- ↑ Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 129-132.
- ↑ 1 2 Veselago, 1872 , p. 34-35.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Shirokorad, 2007 , p. 25.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 132.
- ↑ Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 132-133.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chernyshev, 1997 , p. 133.
Literature
- Veselago F.F. List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Printing Ministry of the Ministry of the Sea, 1872. - 798 p.
- Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
- Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .