Simon ( Pimen ) Fedorovich Ushakov ( 1626 , Moscow - June 25, 1686 , Moscow ) - Russian Moscow icon painter and graphic artist.
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Content
Biography
Simon Ushakov was born in 1626 in the city of Moscow.
Probably, he came from the townspeople and, apparently, received a thorough preparation for his specialty very early, since, being only 22 years old, he was accepted into the tsar’s “bestowed” masters of the Silver Chamber at the Armory Order . Here, his direct duties were to “sign”, that is, to make drawings for various objects of church utensils and palace household goods, mainly for gold, silver and enamel products, to paint banners , compose patterns for needlework , draw maps , plans , etc. similar works, he wrote, in addition, the image for the courtyard, churches and private individuals, and soon became known as the best icon painter in Moscow.
With the transfer of Ushakov to the service from the Silver Chamber to the Armory , in 1664 , his circle of activities expanded, and his fame increased even more: he became the head of other tsarist masters, formed an entire school of icon painters, enjoyed the mercies of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and his successors on the throne , fulfilled all their instructions on the artistic side and until his death lived in contentment and honor.
Simon Fedorovich Ushakov died on June 25, 1686 in his hometown.
Works
Icons written by Ushakov came to us quite a lot, but most of them are distorted by later recordings and restorations. As the best preserved and especially curious ones, one can point to the icons: the Annunciation , in which the main image is surrounded by compositions on the themes of the akathist of the Blessed Virgin Mary (located in the Church of the Georgian Mother of God, in Moscow), the Vladimir Mother of God with Moscow saints (ibid.) Theodore the ( patronalnaya icon at the grave of tsar Fedor Alekseevich, the Archangel Cathedral), the Holy Face of the Savior (in the Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra), the Descent of the Holy Spirit (ibid) and parsuna kings of Mikhail Fedorovich and Alexei M haylovicha (in the Cathedral of the Archangel). These works, as well as other works by Ushakov, testify that he was a very developed person in his time, a talented artist, well-versed in all means of technology of that time. In contrast to the rule “paint icons according to ancient patterns” adopted at that time, Ushakov was not indifferent to Western art, the trend of which generally spread already in the 17th century in Russia. Remaining on the basis of the primordial Russian-Byzantine icon-painting, he painted both according to ancient “ bruises ” and in the new so-called “Fryzhsky” style , invented new compositions, looked narrowly at Western patterns and nature, sought to convey character and movement to the figures. Ushakov’s class included making drawings for engravers. D. A. Rovinsky in his "Detailed Dictionary of Russian Engravers" points to two etchings performed by himself.
Instilled iconography of the family tree in Russia - see the icon of the Tree of Russian sovereigns .
Gallery
Christ is the Great Bishop. 1658
Praise to the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God. The tree of the Russian state . 1668
Our Lady of Eleusa of Kikk, 1668
Christ Emmanuel , 1668,
Archangel Michael trampling the devil 1676
Christ Emmanuel, 1686
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Union List of Artist Names
- ↑ 1 2 3 Swartz A. Open Library - 2005.
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 132677040 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
Literature
- Leonov A. Simon Ushakov: Russian artist of the XVII century: 1626-1686 / A. Leonov. - M .; L .: Art , 1945. - 24, [10] p. - (Mass Library). - 15,000 copies. (region)
- Ananyeva T.A. Simon Ushakov. L .: Publishing house "Aurora", 1971.
Links
- Simon Ushakov. A word to the iconic scripture. on the collection "Philosophy of Russian religious art of the XVI — XX centuries. Anthology. ”M.: Progress, 1993.
- Igor Grabar. Simon Ushakov and his school. by Grabar I.E. HISTORY OF RUSSIAN ART In 5 volumes
- Ushakov, Simon Fedorovich in the “Prospector” library
- Icons of a letter by Simon Ushakov on the website of the University of Effective Development.
- Somov A.I. Ushakov, Simon, or Pimen Fedorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- G. Filimonov. "Simon Ushakov and the contemporary era of Russian icon painting" (Moscow, 1873) .