Negotiations in Chongqing

When the near end of World War II became apparent in 1945, both leading Chinese political forces - the CPC and the Kuomintang - put forward post-war development programs at their congresses in April-May, which turned out to be exactly the opposite.

During the war, the United States tried to reconcile the CCP and the Kuomintang so that they would fight against Japan together. Mao Zedong, not wanting to rely solely on the support of the USSR, tried to create the impression among the American representatives that one could deal with the Chinese Communists, and he succeeded in many ways. Therefore, in August 1945, the US government decided to take advantage of the existing contacts with both conflicting parties and put them at the negotiating table. As a result of the diplomatic efforts of the American ambassador Patrick Hurley and the invitation sent three times by Chiang Kai-shek himself, a delegation of communists consisting of Mao Zedong , Zhou Enlai and Wang Zhofei arrived on the same plane with P. Hurley from Yanan to Chongqing. The guarantee of the inviolability of this delegation was provided by the USSR.

The talks in Chongqing lasted 45 days, during which time Mao and Chan personally met four times; practical negotiations were conducted from the Kuomintang - Wang Shijze , Zhang Zhizhong , Zhang Qun and Shao Lizzy , from the Communists - Zhou Enlai and Wang Zhofei. The Communists proposed to keep the governments of the “liberated areas” created by them, to allow the Communist troops to accept the surrender of the Japanese troops, to settle the question of the number of troops among the Communists and Kuomintang in post-war China. Kuomintang insisted on "unity of administrative management" (that is, the elimination of "liberated areas").

As a result, on October 10 (on the 10th day of the 10th month, that is, on the “day of the double ten”) a compromise agreement was signed.

On October 11, 1945, Mao Zedong returned to Yanyan, while Zhou Enlai and Wang Zhofei remained in Chongqing to continue negotiations on concrete measures to implement the agreement on October 10. However, due to the fact that the clashes between the CCP and Kuomintang troops did not stop, Zhou Enlai and Wang Zhofei returned to Yan'an on November 25. On November 27, US President G. Truman accepted the resignation of P. Hurley from the post of US Ambassador to China due to the apparent failure of his mediation mission. A new attempt to prevent a civil war was made in January 1946 with the participation of the new US representative, General J. Marshall .

• S. L. Tikhvinsky “The Way of China to Unification and Independence. 1898-1949: Based on materials from the biography of Zhou Enlai "- Moscow: Publishing House" Oriental Literature "RAS, 1996. ISBN 5-02-017894-2
• O. E. Nepomnin “History of China. XX century ”- Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences,“ Kraft + ”, 2011. ISBN 978-5-89282-445-3