Mogilyansky, Nikolai Mikhailovich

The early years

Born December 18, 1871 in the family of a lawyer , candidate of rights, member of the Chernigov District Court Mikhail Yakovlevich Mogilyansky (? —1894). Mother, Maria Nikolaevna Maksimovich (? - 07/14/1918), later worked as a secretary in the St. Petersburg publishing house Pirozhkova. In addition to Nikolai, the family had two more brothers (Mikhail and Peter) and a sister.

In 1889, he graduated from the Chernigov classical gymnasium . He entered the natural department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University , which he graduated in 1893 .

After that, he studied at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy and listened to lectures at the University of Berlin , while working as a Zemstvo statistician. In 1895 he went abroad, lived in Berlin , Geneva and Paris , until 1897 he studied at the Paris .

Professional Activities

From 1898 he worked at the Museum of Anthropology of the Academy of Sciences , then from 1901 - at the Russian Museum as a curator (1902) and head of the (1910) ethnographic department. In 1902-1907 repeatedly participated in ethnographic expeditions. In the course of his activity, he collected more than 3,000 exhibits relating to the culture and life of the Eastern Slavs .

In 1898-1910 - Geography teacher at the Teacher’s Institute and the First Cadet Corps , simultaneously since 1907 - professor of pedagogical courses at the Military Pedagogical Museum and the Department of Geography and Ethnography of the Higher Women's Courses M. Lokhvitskaya-Skalon. In 1907-1908 studied museum business in the Scandinavian countries. Full member of the Russian Geographical Society .

As a journalist in 1900-1902 He headed the scientific department of the magazine “Peace of God” , published in the “Library for self-education”, “ Journal for all .”

Regarding the scientific views of Mogilyansky, he believed that the object of ethnography should be the concepts of “people” and “ethnic group” in the form of an “ethnic individual” with a set of qualities unique to them. He considered the study of the ethnos, and not the issues of its culture, the main base of ethnography.

Political Activities

Unlike his younger brother Mikhail, a staunch Marxist who once participated in the Union for the Emancipation of the Working Class , Mogilyansky stood on a cadet platform. He participated in the 8th Party Congress in May 1917 as a delegate from Ukraine, upholding the idea of ​​its autonomy within Russia, while condemning Ukrainian separatism.

On January 14, 1918 he left Petrograd and on January 17 arrived in Kiev , where in May-September 1918 he held the position of Deputy State Secretary of the Ukrainian State . In this position he participated in peace negotiations with the Austro-Hungarian command in Odessa and representatives of the RSFSR (as the head of the legal commission of the delegation), which ended with the signing of a preliminary peace agreement with Moscow on June 12, 1918.

In September 1918, he was appointed hetman by the Skoropadsky Ambassador of Ukraine to France , however Mogilyansky arrived in Paris after the fall of the hetman and transferred the powers to Grigory Sidorenko . He participated in the work of the Ukrainian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference .

In May-June 1920, he was in Constantinople , in September 1920 in Crimea participated in a meeting on the Ukrainian issue with representatives of the government of General Wrangel .

Emigration

After finally moving to Paris, Mogilyansky organized a few Ukrainian national committees there, published the magazine Young Ukraine ( La jeune Ukraine , 5 issues were published). He participated in the work of the Paris Cadet Group and the Russian Academic Group.

In the years 1921-1923. taught at the Sorbonne , the Lyceum of Henry IV and the Lyceum of Jeanson de Saye .

In 1923 he moved to Czechoslovakia, gave lectures at the Russian Pedagogical Institute of Jan Comenius, the Russian People’s University and the Russian Institute of Agricultural Cooperation. Member of the Russian Academic Group and the Pedagogical Bureau in Prague . He was published in emigrant (" Latest News ", " Steering Wheel ", "Common Affair") and local (for example, Masaryk's Prager Presse ) bodies.

• Gabriel de Mortille and Prehistoric Archeology // God’s World, No. 12, Dep. 2. (1898). - S. 39-55.
• Ethnography and its tasks (regarding one book): Ref., Cheat. to Antropol. island under St. Petersburg. un-those at the beginning of 1902, shortly after the publication of the book of N. N. Kharuzin “Ethnography”. Vol. 1. - SPb .: type. A. G. Rosen, [1909].
• A trip to central Russia to collect ethnographic collections // Materials on ethnography of Russia. Ed. F.K. Volkova. T. 1.- SPb., 1910.
• Fedor Mikhailovich Plyushkin // Living Old. Vol. II (1911).
• Ethnographic Department of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III // Zhivaya Starina. Vol. III — IV (1911). - S. 473-498.
• Museum of Ukrainian Antiquities of V.V. Tarnovsky of the Chernigov Provincial Zemstvo // Zhivaya Starina. Vol. III — IV (1914). - S. 395-408.
• (co-authored) Materials on ethnography of Russia: with portr. D.A. Klementsa. - PG: [t-in R. Golike and A. Vilborg], 1914.
• Retz. to: Lehrbuch der Anthropologie ... von Rudolf Martin . Jena: Fischer, 1914. (Dokl., Read in R. Anthropol. Society. April 11, 1915) - PG: tipolit. "TO. Birkenfeld ", 1915.
• The subject and tasks of ethnography [Dokl., Chit. in the meeting of the Ethnography Division of I. R. G. of the Island on March 4, 1916] - PG: typ. V. D. Smirnova, 1916.
• Regional or local museum, as a type of cultural institution [Dokl., Chit. in the meeting of the Ethnography Department of R [us.] g [ed.] of the island on March 24, 1917] - PG: typ. S.V. Smirnova, 1917.
• Page from the history of Russian ethnography. - Pg., 1917.
• La question de l'Ukraine. Paris: Freres, 1920.
• Ukraine and Ukrainians (1921).
• Fundamentals of Anthropology (1921).
• Slovanský národopis a všeslovanské museum. [Sl], [sa]
• New in Russian ethnographic literature // CR 3. Congress of Slavic geographers. - Belgrade , 1933 .-- S. 283-286.
• The tragedy of Ukraine // Archive of the Russian revolution. T. 11. - M .: Terra ; Politizdat , 1991 .-- C. 74-105. - ISBN 5-250-01774-6

• Reshetov A. M. N. M. Mogilyansky - an outstanding Russian ethnographer and museologist // Museum. Traditions. Ethnicity. XX — XXI centuries. - St. Petersburg - Chisinau : Nestor-Historia, 2002. - ISBN 9975960685 .
• Golovchenko V. І. Mogilyansky Mikola Mikhailovich // Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine: at 10 t. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 2010. - T. 7. - P. 18. - ISBN 978-966-00-1061-1 . (Ukrainian)
• Alymov S. S. Ukrainian roots of the theory of ethnos // Ethnographic Review. - 2017. - No. 5. - P. 67—84.
• Alymov S. S. At the origins of the theory of ethnos: N. M. Mogilyansky and St. Petersburg anthropology of the late XIX - early XX centuries // Three centuries of Russian ethnography: pages of history / ed. ed. A.A.Sirina. - M .: IEA RAS, 2017. - P. 140-160.