Maulana Ahmad ibn Muhammad at-Tijani al-Maghrabi ( Arabic: أحمد التجاني ; 1735 , Ain Madi , modern Algeria - 1815 , Thess . Morocco ) is a Sufi sheikh, the founder of the tariff of the tidjan .
| Ahmad at-Tijani | |
|---|---|
| Arab. أحمد التجاني | |
| sheikh tariqa tejany 1781 - 1815 | |
| Predecessor | position established |
| Successor | Ali at Tamasini |
| personal information | |
| Birth name | Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tijani al-Maghribi |
| Profession, occupation | , |
| Date of Birth | or |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| A country | |
| Religion | , and |
| Father | Muhammad at-Tijani |
| Theological activity | |
| Area of activity | |
| pupils | Ali at Tamasini |
| Had an impact | tijany |
| Additional Information | |
| miscellanea | founder of the tariff |
Content
Biography
Ahmad al-Tijani was born in 1737 in southern Algeria. He came from a rather poor Berber family of the Tijana tribe. Under the age of 15 years became an orphan. He studied religious sciences, was associated with the Halvatites and other Sufi orders [2] .
In 1781-1782 he began his sermon, claiming that he received “instruction” from the prophet Muhammad himself, who allowed him to establish his independent tariq. After settling in the oasis of Abu Smagun, at-Tijani began active preaching [2] . In 1789, he, along with his followers, moved to Fez, where he lived until his death. There, he encountered a hostile attitude of the population and other Sufi brotherhoods, but managed to gain a foothold and build a monastery ( zawiya ). From there, the tariqah spread its influence to other areas of the Maghreb. Ahmad at-Tijani appointed Ali at-Tamasini as his successor, however, after many years of struggle, the brotherhood was led by two sons of at-Tijani [3] .
Teaching
Ahmad Tijani also forbade his followers to take the oath ( bai ) to the sheikhs of other tariqas, to use their grace ( baraka ) and intercession (shafaat). In return, he promised them salvation and his intercession on the Day of the Last Judgment ( kiyamat ) [2] .
Ahmad at-Tijani did not demand from them asceticism and solitude, introduced a quiet dhikr, considered it unacceptable to visit ( ziyarat ) the “holy places” of other Sufi sheikhs and tariqahs. The views of al-Tijani show a strong influence of other Sufi thinkers (Ibn al-Arabi and others). He declared himself the “supreme pole” ( Qutb ) and “the seal of Muhammad’s holiness” ( hatm al-vilay al-Muhammad ). Ahmad al-Tijani appropriated absolute infallibility, which was unacceptable from the point of view of orthodox Sunni Islam [2] . He refused the chain of spiritual continuity ( force ), claiming that he received his teaching and prayers ( wird ) directly from the prophet Muhammad. Members of the tariqa considered themselves elected and opposed themselves to other Muslims, which also caused sharp criticism from representatives of other areas of Islam [3] .
Notes
- ↑ LIBRIS
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ali-zade, A.A., 2007 .
- ↑ 1 2 Kolodin A ..
Literature
- Ali-zade A. A. Tijanita // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- 400 p. - (The Golden Fund of Islamic Thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .
Links
- Kolodin, Alexander at-Tijania . The culture of faith. A guide for doubters. Date of treatment January 11, 2014.