Wislinsky Boulevards ( Polish Bulwary Wiślane ) are historical hydraulic structures in Krakow along the Vistula River . In the late XIX and early XX centuries, hydraulic structures along the banks of the Vistula River protected Krakow from flooding; Currently, the boulevards are a park area and a resting place. The hydraulic structures consist mainly of high and longitudinal retaining walls that border the Vistula riverbed. In the upper part of the hydraulic structures there are various descents to the river and pedestrian paths planted with trees. Vistula Boulevards are included in the register of protected monuments of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship . The boulevards are included in the tourist route " Cracow Technology Route " (object number 14).
| Sight | |
| Wislin Boulevards | |
|---|---|
| Bulwary Wiślane | |
 View of the boulevards from Wawel | |
| A country |  Poland |
| Lesser Poland Voivodeship | Krakow |
Content
History
Throughout the history of Krakow, the Wisla River has repeatedly changed its course. Until the 13th century, the Vistula flowed as it is at present. In 1257, in order to bring Wisla closer to the center of Krakow for defensive use, a dam was built between the hill, where the Catholic church on Skalka is located today and the historical district of Debniki , after which a sleeve appeared that separated Krakow from the Vistula. In 1335, Kazimierz appeared on this place. The main channel of the Vistula began to flow beyond the Wawel and was directed east into the river Wilga along today's parks called the Krakow Plantes . Over this sleeve of the Vistula was built the currently nonexistent Royal Bridge in the historic district of Stradom and later the railway bridge in the Grzegorzki region. This sleeve is called "Old Vistula".
In the XIX century, the Austrian authorities decided to bury Old Vistula and return the river to its former channel. Old Vistula was buried between 1878 and 1880. On the site of the Old Vistula, the Kraków Planty parks and today's Dashinsky alley were founded. In the years 1905-1909, the Vistula riverbed returned to its former place and at the same time hydrotechnical work began to strengthen its channel, which finally ended in 1961 with the construction of the Stopień Wodny Dąbie water dam, which was an element of the hydraulic engineering construction under the name "Droga Wodna Górnej Wisły ”(Water way of the mountain Vistula). The Stopień Wodny Dąbie water dam significantly raised the level of the Vistula water in Krakow, which allowed enriching the city landscape and increasing the recreational attractiveness of the embankments.
In the area of modern Chervensky Boulevard on the site of today's Retorik Street, the Rudava River flowed into Wisla. Its channel was limited to the embankment in 1903-1912.
In 1991, the boulevards of the Old City, Zvezhynts, Podguzh and Debnikov were administratively divided into smaller parts and they were given their own names (in the following sequence from the upper river):
- on the left bank: Rodla Boulevard, Chervensky Boulevard, Inflyantsky Boulevard and Courland Boulevard;
- on the right bank: Polessky Boulevard, Volynsky Boulevard, Podolsky Boulevard and Boulevard above Rudava.
April 6, 2006 Wisłański Boulevards became the object of a tourist route under the name Kraków Technique Way and the Wisłański Boulevards bicycle route.
In 2009, a tourist trail was organized on a water tram with stops on Rodla Boulevard (Flitskaya Street), Chervensky Boulevard ( Debnitsky Bridge ), Inflyantsky Boulevard (Paulinsky Street), Volynsky Boulevard ( Grunvaldsky Bridge ), Kazimierz Gallery in the Grzegorzka district, Kotlyarsky bridge in the Zablots district, Canoe slalom Canal and Tynetsk Monastery .
June 13, 2011 Vistula Boulevards were entered into the register of protected monuments of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (No. A-1260 / M [1] ).
Boulevards
Left Bank
Rodla Boulevard
Rodla Boulevard is located on the left bank of the Vistula River in the historic Zvezhinets district between the mouth of the Rudava River and the Debnica Bridge . For the most part, the boulevard is a gently sloping grassy slope descending to the Vistula River and is separated from the river flow by the high promenade built in 1905-1909. Along the shore, a footpath runs along Rodla Boulevard. On its territory are the marinas of the sports clubs AZS-AWF and Nadwiślan .
Chervensky Boulevard
Chervensky Boulevard is located on the left bank of the Vistula in the center of the historic district Old Town between the Debnicky and Grunwalski bridges. In the Middle Ages, on the territory of the boulevard there was the Cracow dzielnik Rybaki, in which there were breweries and houses of fishermen. Since 1644, Rybaki- Podzamce law has been operating here, which ceased its activities in 1801. From this juridika today remains the cobbled Rybaki Street, located on the southwestern side of the Wawel. In the 18th and 19th centuries there were gardens and country houses with wooden houses characteristic of Krakow. An example of such houses is the Tynetsk hut , preserved to our time, located near the Tynetsk monastery. These buildings began to disappear from the end of the 19th century and were finally demolished in 1914.
On the territory of Chervensky Boulevard there is Wawel and three monuments of the Polish sculptor Bronislaw Khromy , including the sculpture of the Wawel Dragon and the monument to the dog Dzhok . Since 2008 on Chervensky Boulevard there is an avenue of stars . The embankment of the boulevard is the place for mooring yachts.
Chervensky Boulevard due to the proximity of Wawel and the Old Town is one of the most popular among locals and tourists of Vistula Boulevards. Every year on the boulevard, Cracow festivities are held under the name " Wyanka ".
Inflante Boulevard
Inflantsky Boulevard is located on the left bank of the Vistula River in the historic Old Town district between the Grunwal Bridge and the Jozef Pilsudski Bridge . On the northern side, the Inflante Boulevard has a gentle grassy descent to the river and on the southern part it is limited by the embankment built in 1905-1909.
On the extension of Skavinskaya Street there was previously a wooden Skavinsky bridge, connecting with Skavin and Myslenice settlements located on the opposite bank. In 1657, this bridge was burned by the Swedes, after which it did not begin to rebuild and instead was used for some time by steam.
Courland Boulevard
Courland Boulevard is located on the left bank of the Vistula River in the historic Old Town district between the Jozef Pilsudski Bridge and the railway bridge in the Zabloce district. On the boulevard is the bridge of the Silesian rebels . All along the Courland Boulevard there is a promenade built in 1905-1909. The embankment of the boulevard is the place for mooring yachts.
Until 1925, on the site of Courland Boulevard, there was the Podgursky Bridge , which connected the left bank with the territory of modern Podolsky Boulevard. To date, the skeletons of this bridge on both banks of the Vistula have been preserved. Above these skeletons of the former Podgursky bridge is the footbridge of Father Bernart .
Right Bank
Polessky Boulevard
Polessky Boulevard is located on the right bank of the Vistula River in the historic district of Debniki between the Debnicky and Grunwald Bridges. For the most part, the boulevard has a gentle grassy descent to the Vistula. Thanks to river accumulation, the only place in Krakow intended for the beach is located on the boulevard. In the vicinity of modern Zamkova Street, until the 40s of the XX century, the coastline cut deep into the riverbed, forming a cape.
On the boulevard near the coast is a museum of Japanese art and technology Manggha . Along with the opposite Chervensky Boulevard, Polessky Boulevard is popular among locals and tourists. Every year in the summer, on this boulevard, a traditional Krakow cultural and entertainment event is held, with its historical roots connected with Kupala night , “Vyanki” (literally “wreaths”).
Volyn Boulevard
Volyn Boulevard is located on the right bank of the Vistula River in the historical region of Podguže between the Grunwalski Bridge and the mouth of the Vilga River, which creates a peninsula lying between Podolsky Boulevard and the Retman Bridge . For the most part, the boulevard has a gentle grassy descent to the Vistula.
On the peninsula previously was a non-existent branch of the Forum Hotel. Every year, over the years, at the end of April or beginning of May, Luna Park from the Netherlands is organized at this place.
Podolsky Boulevard
Podolsky Boulevard is located on the right bank of the Vistula River in the historical region of Podguže between the mouth of the Vilga River and the railway bridge in the Zablose region. On the territory of this boulevard are the bridges of Jozef Pilsudski and Silesian rebels. Until 1925, on this boulevard there was a Podgursky bridge connecting the right bank with the opposite bank, where Courland Boulevard is now located. There were also Salt Warehouses , which played a significant role in the industrial history of Krakow.
Until 1925, the Podgursky bridge was located on the site of the modern Podolsky Boulevard, which connected the right bank with the territory of the modern Courland Boulevard on the left bank. To date, the skeletons of this bridge on both banks of the Vistula have been preserved. Above these skeletons of the former Podgursky bridge is the footbridge of Father Bernatek.
On the boulevard there are historical and architectural monuments "Aleksandrovichy House" and the Podgursky Power Plant , built in 1900 and which is the object of the Kraków Technics Route tourist route. Currently, the museum complex dedicated to Tadeusz Kantor is located in the Podgur Power Plant.
Rudava Boulevard
The boulevard is located on both banks of the Rudava River, which flows into the Vistula at the beginning of Rodla Boulevard. The boulevard begins in the Salvator area and runs along the Cracow Meadow to the area of Mydlniki . At the beginning of the boulevard there are asphalted pedestrian and bicycle paths, after the boulevard passes through meadows and the green zone of the Volya-Yustovskaya area.
Notes
Literature
- J. Adamczewski, Kraków od A do Z, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, Kraków 1992.
- Garlicki J., 1967, Kraków przewodnik, Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka Warszawa.
- Michalec B., 2004, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Pascal.