Catholic church of St. George and the Carmelite Monastery in Vilnius ( lit. Vilniaus Šv. Jurgio bažnyčia ir karmelitų vienuolynas ) is an ensemble of the Catholic church and the former Carmelite monastery in the southern part of Vilnius Old Town . It consists of an inactive St. George's Church, a bell tower, a gate and a monastery building, forming three courtyards of irregular shape, and occupies a site in the back of the building between Sirvido and Tilto streets and Vinco Kudirkos square . The official address is K. Sirvydo street 4 ( K. Sirvydo gatvė 4 ; in Soviet times 4 Rashito street)
| Catholic church (church) | |
| Catholic church of St. George and the Carmelite monastery | |
|---|---|
| lit. Vilniaus Šv. Jurgio bažnyčia ir karmelitų vienuolynas | |
 Catholic church of St. George | |
| A country |  Lithuania |
| City | Vilnius |
| Denomination | Catholicism |
| Architectural style | Baroque |
| Established | 1506 year |
| Construction | 1506 year |
| Key dates | |
| 1506 - bookmark 1908 - restoration | |
| Status | protected by the state |
The church was founded in 1506 by the governor of Vilnius and the Lithuanian Chancellor Nikolai Radziwill in memory of the victory over the Tatars in the battle of Kletsk .
Currently, the church is not functioning, part of the premises is used by the Lithuanian National Library named after Martinas Majvidas . It is an architectural monument of local importance (AtV 18) [1] and is protected by the state; code 1035 in the Register of Cultural Property of the Republic of Lithuania [2] .
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Architecture
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
History
The temple, founded by Nicholas Radziwill behind the then wall of the city on a low hill in his possessions, was at first its own church of the Radziwills . The Carmelites who settled nearby were serving him. It was called the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in gratitude to the Virgin Mary for the victory near Kletsk , which occurred on the day of the Virgin Mary of Snezhnaya , and St. George as the patron saint of the state and the knights [3] .
In 1749, the temple was destroyed by fire. In 1750 - 1755, the church was rebuilt according to the project of the sculptor and architect Francis Ignatius Hofer at the expense of the governor of the Novogrudok Jerzy Radziwill .
The ensemble at the church was formed in the first half of the 18th century and initially occupied a larger area than now. The farm buildings of the monastery in the XIX century were partly demolished, partly rebuilt into houses on Tilto Street, not related to the ensemble.
In 1797 [3] or 1798 [1] [4] the Carmelites handed over the ensemble of the Vilna Theological Catholic Seminary. After the reconstruction of the buildings of the former monastery, the ensemble was finally formed. At the end of XIX - beginning of XX century , the urban situation changed: two- and three-story houses were built around, because of which the church and ensemble ceased to dominate in this area.
After the Second World War , the ensemble houses various cultural and educational institutions, in particular, the Book Chamber and the State Song and Dance Ensemble of the Lithuanian SSR [5] . Since the end of the 20th century, the Book Chamber was operating in the premises of the former monastery, and the temple building was used as a book depository.
Architecture
The ensemble architecture is dominated by baroque features [1] . The church, founded by Nikolai Radziwill behind the then wall of the city, was originally Gothic , but after a radical restructuring at the end of the 18th century, it lost the features of a medieval structure, acquiring late Baroque forms related to the Dominican church of the Holy Spirit [4] . The one-nave temple is 28 x 14.5 m, with the chapel of St. Joseph on the north side. The roof is tiled. The church does not have towers characteristic of the Lithuanian Baroque, due to which three plastic pediments that form the upper part of the exterior stand out. The main western facade of the pilasters , fragmented entablature , cornices, volutes and relief decoration.
A two-tier belfry, rectangular in plan, made of brick , stands between the gate and the eastern building of the monastery. A passage through the ground floor connects the gate and the side courtyard of the monastery. The facades are decorated with pilasters. It is assumed that the bell tower was built in 1506 , simultaneously with the Gothic temple. In the XVI - the first half of the XVIII century , the bell tower had a high spire, in 1750 - 1755 it was replaced by a four-pitched roof. At the beginning of the XIX century, the bell tower acquired its current form.
The gates were built in 1809 according to the design of the architect Joseph Poussier in the Empire style . This is one of the first buildings of this style in Lithuania. The decorative wall of the main facade with a low attic is decorated with pilasters . Between them are three deep arched niches; the doors are in the middle niche. [6]
The interior of the temple is rich in baroque wall paintings. In addition to the main altar, there are five more altars in the church - in the name of St. Joseph, St. Thaddeus, St. Prophet Elijah, St. John the Patriarch of the Carmelites and St. Philomena.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Čerbulėnas, Klemensas. Švento Jurgio bažnyčios ir karmelitų vienuolyno ansamlis // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988 .-- T. 1: Vilnius. - S. 421. - 592 p. - 20,000 copies. (lit.)
- ↑ Pilnas aprašas (lit.) (Inaccessible link) . Duomenų bazė Voruta . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. Date of treatment January 13, 2014. Archived January 13, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Vilniaus buvęs senosios regulos karmelitų vienuolynas ir Šv Jurgio kankinio bažnyčia (lit.) . Lietuvos vienuolynai . Vilniaus dailės akademijos leidykla (1999). Date of treatment January 13, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Kłos, Juliusz. Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy. - Wydanie trzecie poprawione po zgonie autora. - Wilno: Wydawnictwo Wileńskiego oddziału Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystyczniego-krajoznawczego, 1937. - S. 255-256. - 323 p. (polish)
- ↑ J. Maceika, P. Gudynas. Vadovas po Vilnių. - Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 1960 .-- S. 215–217. - 388 p. - 15,000 copies. (lit.)
- ↑ Čerbulėnas, Klemensas. Švento Jurgio bažnyčios ir karmelitų vienuolyno ansamlis // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988 .-- T. 1: Vilnius. - S. 424. - 592 p. - 20,000 copies. (lit.)
Literature
- Kłos, Juliusz. Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy. - Wydanie trzecie poprawione po zgonie autora. - Wilno: Wydawnictwo Wileńskiego oddziału Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystyczniego-krajoznawczego, 1937. - S. 255-256. - 323 p. (polish)
- J. Maceika, P. Gudynas. Vadovas po Vilnių. - Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 1960 .-- S. 215–217. - 388 p. - 15,000 copies. (lit.)
- Čerbulėnas, Klemensas. Švento Jurgio bažnyčios ir karmelitų vienuolyno ansamlis // Lietuvos TSR istorijos ir kultūros paminklų sąvadas. - Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija, 1988 .-- T. 1: Vilnius. - S. 421-422. - 592 p. - 20,000 copies. (lit.)
Links
- Church of St. George (Unavailable link) . Temples of Vilnius . In Vilnius. Date of treatment January 13, 2014. Archived on February 3, 2013.
- Vilniaus buvęs senosios regulos karmelitų vienuolynas ir Šv Jurgio kankinio bažnyčia (lit.) . Lietuvos vienuolynai . Vilniaus dailės akademijos leidykla (1999). Date of treatment January 13, 2014.
- Vilniaus senosios regulos karmelitų vienuolyno statinių ansamblis (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. Date of treatment January 13, 2014.