Gemma-Frisius Crater ( lat. Gemma Frisius ) is an ancient large and deep impact crater in the southern mainland of the visible side of the Moon . The name is given in honor of the Dutch mathematician , doctor , cartographer , philosopher , engraver , master of astronomical instruments, Frisius Renier Gemma (1508-1555); approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1935. The formation of the crater belongs to the preectarian period [1] .
| Gemma-freezius | |
|---|---|
| lat Gemma frisius | |
 Shot of the Lunar Orbiter IV probe | |
| Characteristics | |
| Diameter | 88.5 km |
| Deepest | 5160 m |
| Title | |
| Eponym | Frisius Renier Gemma (1508-1555) - Dutch mathematician, doctor, cartographer, philosopher, engraver, master of astronomical instruments. |
| Location | |
| Heavenly body | Moon |
Content
- 1 Crater Description
- 2 Satellite Craters
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
Crater Description
The nearest neighbors of the crater are Nunez Crater in the west; Poisson crater in the north-west, Goodacre crater adjacent to the north-north-eastern part of the Gemma-Frisius crater, Zagut crater in the east-northeast, Rabbi Levy crater in the east, Buch and Buching craters in the southeast, Mavrolik crater in the south as well as the Fernell and Stefler craters in the southwest. To the northwest of the crater is the Sea of Clouds [2] . Selenographic coordinates of the center of the crater , diameter 88.5 km [3] , depth 5.16 km [4] .
During its existence, the crater has been significantly destroyed, the crater shaft is blocked by many craters of various sizes, the northern and western parts of the shaft are especially severely damaged. Together with the Gemma-Frisian D satellite craters, Gemma-Frisian G, Gemma-Frisian H craters (see below) and Goodacre crater, the Gemma-Frisian crater resembles a cat's paw footprint. The southeastern part of the inner slope is destroyed and the collapsed rocks reach one third of the diameter of the crater. The average height of the crater shaft above the surrounding area is 1400 m [1] , the volume of the crater is approximately 7200 km³ [1] . The bottom of the crater bowl is relatively flat, with the exception of the southeastern part, there is a central peak with an elevation of 600 m [5] somewhat offset northwest of the center of the bowl.
Satellite Craters
| Gemma-Frisian [3] | Coordinates | Diameter, km |
|---|---|---|
| A | 65.1 | |
| B | 40,4 | |
| C | 32,0 | |
| D | 27.7 | |
| E | 18.5 | |
| F | 8.9 | |
| G | 36.5 | |
| H | 25.5 | |
| J | 12.9 | |
| K | 9.9 | |
| L | 6.2 | |
| M | 4.6 | |
| O | 4.9 | |
| P | 4.2 | |
| Q | 9.3 | |
| R | 4,5 | |
| S | 4.6 | |
| T | 8.0 | |
| U | 8.0 | |
| W | 14.0 | |
| X | 14.8 | |
| Y | 27.8 |
- The Gemma-Frisian M satellite crater is included in the list of craters with a bright ray system of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Astronomy (ALPO) [6] .
- Satellite craters Gemma-Frisian Ea, Gemma-Frisian Eb, Gemma-Frisian K are included in the list of craters with dark radial stripes on the inner slope of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Astronomy (ALPO) [7] .
- The formation of the Gemma-Frisium A satellite crater belongs to the preectarian period [1] .
See also
- List of Craters on the Moon
- Lunar crater
- Morphological catalog of Moon Craters
- Planetary nomenclature
- Selenography
- Mineralogy of the Moon
- Geology of the moon
- Late heavy bombardment
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Lunar Impact Crater Database . Losiak A., Kohout T., O'Sulllivan K., Thaisen K., Weider S. (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Lunar Exploration Intern Program, 2009); updated by Öhman T. in 2011. Archived page .
- ↑ Gemma-Frisian Crater on the map LAC-113
- ↑ 1 2 Handbook of the International Astronomical Union
- ↑ John E. Westfall's Atlas of the Lunar Terminator, Cambridge Univ. Press (2000)
- ↑ Crater description on The Moon-Wiki
- ↑ List of craters with a bright ray system of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Astronomy (ALPO) Archived on March 4, 2016.
- ↑ List of Craters with Dark Radial Stripes of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Astronomy (ALPO) Archived December 3, 2013.