Baron Claire

The title of the title is associated with Clare Castle in Suffolk . The Norman conquest of England was attended by Richard Fitz-Gilbert , the Norman lord (in Normandy he owned Bienfet and Orbeck ), a close relative of William the Conqueror . After William became king, Richard received extensive land holdings in eight South English counties from Essex to Devon . According to The Doomsday Book ( 1087 ), Richard Fitz-Gilbert owned 176 manors , mainly in Suffolk, Surrey , Essex and Kent . The centers of Richard's possessions were the castles they built: Tonbridge in Kent and Claire in Suffolk. According to the name of the first castle in modern sources, it became known as Richard of Tonbridge, and the name of the second soon turned into the family name of the descendants of Richard Fitz-Gilbert - the home of Claire . After Richard's death, his lands were divided between his sons. Most of the land in England, including Claire, went to his second son, Gilbert .

Later, Barons Claire received the titles of Earls of Hartford and Gloucester . According to contemporaries, Claire at the beginning of the XIV century possessed the largest land holdings among all the noble families of the Kingdom of England. The last representative of the clan, Gilbert de Claire, 8th Earl of Hartford and 4th Earl of Gloucester, died in 1314 without leaving children.

For the inheritance of Claire, a struggle broke out between the three sisters of the late Earl - Margaret , Elinor and Elizabeth . As a result, the possessions were divided between them. Claire in 1317 received the youngest of the sisters - Elizabeth. After her death, Claire inherited her son William de Burgh , 3rd Earl of Ulster .

William, who had large possessions in Ulster and Connaught in Ireland, did not leave his sons. His heir was considered Elizabeth de Burgh . However, it was small, for the ownership of the Burgs in Ulster and Connaught, the so-called Burgas Civil War broke out (1333–1338), as a result of which the possessions were seized by the Irish, so in fact she owned only the inheritance of Claire. However, the King of England Edward III recognized Elizabeth with all her titles, taking the young heiress under guardianship, and married her third son Lionel , Duke of Clarence.

Elizabeth and Lionel had only one daughter, Philip , who was married to Edmund Mortimer , 3rd Earl of March. As a result, the title of Baron Claire was added to the title of Count March.

After the extinction of the Mortimer family in 1432, the title on the female line passed to York . After Edward of York became King of England under the name of Edward IV in 1461, the title disappeared.

• ? - OK. 1090 : Richard Fitz-Gilbert (until 1035 - c. 1090), Senior de Bienfeit and d'Orbeck, 1st Lord de Clair and de Tonbridge
• OK. 1090 - 1114/1117: Gilbert Fitz-Richard (d. 1114/1117), 2nd Lord de Clair, c. 1090, Lord of Cardican, son of the previous
• 1114/1117 - 1136 : Richard Fitz-Gilbert (c. 1084 - April 15, 1136), 3rd Lord de Claire from 1114/1117, Earl of Hartford (?) From 1135, son of the previous
• 1136 - 1152/1153: Gilbert de Claire (before 1115 - c. 1152/1153), 1st Earl of Hartford c. 1138, 4th Lord de Clair from 1136, son of the previous
• 1152/1153 - 1173 : Roger de Claire (after 1115-1173)
  2/3 Earl of Hartford and 5th Lord Claire from 1152/1153, brother of the previous
• 1173 - 1217 : Richard de Claire (d. October 30 / November 28, 1217), 3/4 Earl of Hartford and 6th Lord Claire from 1173, son of the previous
• 1217 - 1230 : Gilbert de Claire (c. 1180 - October 25, 1230), 4th / 5th Earl of Hartford and 7th Earl of Claire from 1217, 1st Earl of Gloucester from 1218, son of the previous
• 1230 - 1262 : Richard de Claire (August 4, 1222 - July 15, 1262), 5/6th Earl of Hartford, 2/5 Earl of Gloucester and 8th Lord Claire from 1230, son of the previous
• 1262 - 1295 : Gilbert Redhead de Claire (September 2, 1243 - December 7, 1295), 6/7 Earl of Hartford, 3/6 Earl of Gloucester and 9th Lord Claire from 1262, son of the previous
• 1295 - 1314 : Gilbert de Claire (May 4, 1291 - June 24, 1314), 7/8th Earl of Hartford, 4/7 Earl of Gloucester, and 10th Lord Claire from 1262, son of the previous
• 1317 - 1360 : Elizabeth de Claire (September 16, 1295 - November 4, 1360), 11th Lady Claire from 1317, Lady Chepstow and Carleon from 1320, sister of the previous
  • 1st husband: John de Burg (c. 1290 - June 18, 1313), heir to Count Ulster
  • 2nd husband: Theobald de Verdon (d. July 27, 1316), Lord Verdon
  • 3rd husband: Roger Damori (d. 13/14 March 1322), Lord Damori
• 1360 - 1363 : Elizabeth de Burgh (July 6, 1332 - December 10, 1363), 4th Countess Ulster and Lady Connaught from 1333, 12th Lady Claire from 1360, granddaughter of the previous, daughter of William de Burgh , 3rd Earl of Ulster, son from 1st marriage
  • husband: Lionel Antwerp (November 29, 1338 - October 17, 1368), Duke Clarence, Earl of Ulster and Lord Clare (both titles by right of wife )
• 1363 - 1378 : Philippa Plantagenet (August 16, 1355 - until January 7, 1378), 13th Lady Claire, 5th Countess Ulster from 1363, daughter of the previous
  • husband: Edmund Mortimer (February 1, 1352 - December 27, 1381), 3rd Earl March , 5th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore and 4th Baron Geneville from 1360, Earl Ulster and Lord Claire (both titles by wife ) from 1368 , Marshal of England from 1369, Viceroy of Ireland from 1379
• 1378 - 1398 : Roger Mortimer (April 11, 1374 - July 20, 1398), 4th Earl of March, 6th Earl of Ulster, 6th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 5th Baron Geneville, 14th Lord Claire from 1381, son of the previous
• 1398 - 1425 : Edmund Mortimer (November 6, 1391 - January 18, 1425), 5th Earl March, 7th Earl Ulster, 7th Baron Mortimer from Wigmore, 6th Baron Geneville, 15th Lord Claire from 1398, son of the previous
• 1432 - 1460 : Richard of York (September 21, 1411 - December 30, 1460), 3rd Duke of York from 1415, 6th Earl of March, 8th Earl of Ulster, 8th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore, 16th Lord Claire with 1425, 2nd Earl of Cambridge from 1426, nephew of the previous
• 1460 - 1461 : Edward of York (April 28, 1442 - April 10, 1483), 7th Earl of March 1445, 3rd Duke of York, 9th Earl of Ulster, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, 9th Baron Mortimer of Wigmore and 17th Lord Claire in 1460-1461, King of England (Edward IV) in 1461-1470 and 1471-1483, son of the previous

• Claire
• Mortimers
• Count March
• Earl Hartford

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• Ustinov V.G. Wars of the Roses. Yorkie vs. Lancaster - M .: Veche, 2012 .-- 432 p. - (History files). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-9533-5294-9 .
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• Norwich D. History of England and Shakespearean Kings / Per. from English I.V. Lobanova. - M .: Astrel, 2012. - 414, [2] p. - (Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-271-43630-7 .
• Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10 Chamber - Clarkson . - 1887. - P. 375-397.
• Oxford Dictionary of National Biograph . - 2004.

• Clare Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. Date of treatment January 5, 2014.
• Clare thePeerage.com. Date of treatment January 5, 2014.