Yuri Korneevich ( Kornilevich ) Smolich ( Ukrainian. Yuri Korniyovich Smolich ; June 25 ( July 8 ), 1900 , Sofiyivka , Kiev Province , Russian Empire - August 26, 1976 , Kiev , USSR ) - Ukrainian Soviet writer , journalist , theater critic and essayist . Chairman of the Writers' Union of the Ukrainian SSR ( 1971 - 1973 ), Secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR . Hero of Socialist Labor ( 1970 ), brother of the white emigrant, historian of the Russian Church, Igor Smolich .
Yury Smolich | |||||||||||
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ukr Smolich Yuriy Kornіyovich | |||||||||||
Aliases | "Jean Gudran" | ||||||||||
Date of Birth | |||||||||||
Place of Birth | |||||||||||
Date of death | or | ||||||||||
Place of death | Kiev Ukrainian SSR , USSR | ||||||||||
Citizenship (citizenship) | |||||||||||
Occupation | prose writer , playwright , journalist , publicist | ||||||||||
Years of creativity | 1917 - 1976 | ||||||||||
Direction | social realism | ||||||||||
Genre | drama , prose , memoirs , fantasy | ||||||||||
Language of Works | Russian , Ukrainian | ||||||||||
Debut | "The End of the City Beyond the Market" ( 1924 ) | ||||||||||
Awards | |||||||||||
Content
Biography
Born in Sofiyivka near the city of Uman in Kiev province (now Cherkasy region , Ukraine ) in a family of teachers. In the Smolichi house, besides Yuri, there were two more children - Natalia and Igor . The Smolichi family constantly moved from place to place. [3]
In 1918, Yuri Smolich graduated from a gymnasium in Zhmerinka (during this time he changed four gymnasiums because of relocations) and entered the Kiev Commercial Institute for a commercial-technical faculty [4] . After studying a little less than a year, in 1919, he dropped out of his studies and left as an orderly to a volunteer detachment against typhus. [3]
He was the clerk of the Podolsk district council of the Ukrainian Red Cross Partnership and since 1921 - an actor in the Red Army theater studio. Until 1924, he tried to make a career as an artist in the theaters of the Ukrainian Trade Union, the People’s Enlightenment and the name of Ivan Franko , and then for four years he was an inspector of the theaters of the Main Political Education of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian SSR [4] . After that, completely switched to literature. [3]
Smolich wrote mostly in Ukrainian. Printed since 1917 . The writer himself later recalled his first experience: [5]
Finally, in the seventeenth year, in the days of the February Revolution , I ... first “published”: I wrote a call for ... high school girls to organize and give themselves to serve the ideals of the revolution - and our local newspaper, which began to be published from the day of the revolution (it was called, it seems Executive Committee "), published this my opus" |
The first published book was the collection of stories "The End of the City Behind the Market" ( 1924 ). In 1926, Smolich's first novel, The Last Agewood, appeared. This book, as well as the collection “Beautiful Disasters” (1935), the novel “The Forty-Eight Hours” pamphlet (1933), is notable for its sharp anti-capitalist orientation, in which Smolich acted as one of the creators of the adventure and sci-fi genre in Ukrainian literature. [3]
Since 1926 - the chief editor of the magazine "Rural Theater", and since 1928 - "UZH" (Universal Journal) , constantly performed with theater reviews, articles and as a translator from Russian and French. He was a member of VAPLITE , "Garth" . Often he wrote under the pseudonym "Jean Gudran." [6]
Yuri Korneevich wrote a lot and varied - social, sci-fi and household novels, novels, short stories. In the satirical books “One and a half people” ( 1927 ), “Fake Melpomene ” ( 1928 ), “On the Other Side of the Heart” (1930), Ukrainian nationalists and their foreign patrons are exposed. In the pre-war years he also published the autobiographical trilogy "Our Secrets" ( 1936 ), "Childhood" ( 1937 ), and "Eighteen" ( 1938 ). [3]
Plays Smolich staged in the Ukrainian and Moscow theaters. In 1934, he was elected deputy chairman of the Kharkov organization of the Writers' Union of the Ukrainian SSR , and in 1938 chairman. A year later, Yuri Smolich became a member of the Writers 'Union of the USSR , was elected to the Kharkiv city council of workers' deputies. Edited " Literary Journal ", the magazine " Ukraine ". [3]
In the Great Patriotic War, Smolich did not participate because of poor vision. He was evacuated to Alma-Ata , in those years he wrote a large number of stories collected in eight collections, and also appeared in Soviet newspapers with journalistic articles. [3]
In 1942 he became a member of the board of the Writers' Union of the USSR , in 1944 he became deputy chairman.
The theme of the war touched the writer's work, it is revealed in the novels “They have not passed” ( 1946 ), “We were in battle together” ( 1948 ), in several collections of articles and stories.
The theme of the people's labor in the postwar years occupies a leading place in the books “After the War” ( 1947 ), “The Day Begins Early” ( 1950 ), “About the Good in People” ( 1965 ). The novels “Dawn over the Sea” ( 1953 ), “Peace to the Cabins, War to the Palaces” ( 1958 ), “The Dnieper River Roars and Moans Wide” ( 1960 ) recreates the struggle of the Ukrainian people against a broad historical background.
In 1951 he joined the CPSU , in the same year at the XIV-th Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. He was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR of the 8-9th convocations. [3]
Until 1956, he lived in the Rolyte house in Kiev, and then moved to the 5/2 house on Zankovetska Street .
After the victory, he worked as a correspondent for the newspaper Izvestia in Ukraine, from 1959 in Berlin, he worked as a member of the Committee on the Return to the USSR , and from 1961 until the end of his days he was the chairman of the Society for Cultural Relations with Ukrainians abroad, Ukraine.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 28, 1970, for outstanding achievements in the development of Soviet literature and in connection with the 70th anniversary, Yury Korneyevich Smolich was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor . [3]
In 1971 he became secretary of the Union of Soviet Writers . [3]
The Smolich novels reflected those historical and social events that were present for the author: the years of the emergence of socialism after the October Revolution , the Great Patriotic War , the time of the restoration of the country after its end and the struggle of Ukrainians for the establishment of Soviet power.
In the last years of his life he was engaged in writing memoirs , such as, for example, the three-volume book The Story of the Unkindless ( 1968 - 1972 ). Smolich's works were repeatedly translated into many languages of the peoples of the USSR and a half dozen foreign languages. [3]
Yuri Korneevich was married. His wife, Elena G., outlived her husband and died in 1989 . [four]
He lived in Kiev . He died on August 26, 1976 . He was buried at the Kiev Baikovo Cemetery (station number 2). [3]
Creativity
The list of works written by Yuri Smolich. [five]
Novels
- 1926 - The Last Agewood
Cycle "Beautiful disaster":
- 1928 - Housekeeping of Dr. Galvanescu
- 1934 - What happened next
- 1932 - Another beautiful disaster
- 1930 - On the other side of the heart
- 1932 - The fourth reason
- 1933 - Forty eight hours
Trilogy
- 1936 - Our secrets
- 1937 - Childhood
- 1938 - Eighteen Years
- 1947 - They did not pass
- 1948 - We were in battle together
- 1953 - Dawn over the sea
Dilogiya "Year of birth 1917":
- 1958 - Peace to the huts, war to the palaces
- 1960 - Dnepr Roars and Moans wide
Collections
- 1924 - The end of the city behind the bazaar
- 1927 - Sundays and Mondays
- 1930 - Five Stories
- 1941 - The death of the intervention
- 1941 - The people fighting
- 1942 - Novels
- 1943 - Without the right to die (in Russian)
- 1943 - Immortality (in Russian)
- 1943 - Battle (in Russian)
- 1943 - Fighting behind the front
- 1943 - Peaceful people
- 1950 - Day starts early
- 1951 - Apple Tree Color
Tale
- 1927 - One and a half people
- 1928 - Fake Melpomene
- 1940 - Theater of the Unknown Actor
Stories
- 1929 - The Language of Silence
- 1953 - Male conversation
Plays
- 1930 - Comrade Woman
- 1931 - Funny booksellers
Other Books
- 1947 - After the War - a collection of selected articles
- 1951 - The first book - a collection of articles about the work of young Ukrainian writers
- 1953 - Conversation with the reader - a collection of essays on writing skills
- 1958 - With or against the people
- 1960 - Conversation with the reader and writer (in Russian)
- 1965 - About the Good in People (in collaboration with M. Rilski)
The cycle of books of memoirs "The story of the nepokoe"
- 1968 - The Story of the Unknowing
- 1969 - The story of the unwelcome continues
- 1972 - There is no end to the tale
- 1970 - I choose literature - a book of memoirs
- 1978 - My contemporaries
- 1975 - “Gaudeamus igitur ...” - a novella in short stories
- 1977 - About the theater
Collected Works
- Collected Works in 4 vol. - M. , 1930
- Works: In 6 tons. - M. , 1958-1959
- Works: In 6 m. - Moscow , 1971-1973
- Works: In 8 tons. - M. , 1986
Filmed Works
- 1970 - One Actor Theater
- 1992 - Degree of the Black Moon (based on the novel “The Farm of Doctor Galvanescu”)
Awards
- Hero of Socialist Labor
- Medal "Hammer and Sickle"
- Two Orders of Lenin ( 1960 , 1970 )
- Two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor ( 1960 , 1967 )
- Order of the Badge of Honor ( 1948 )
- Medal "To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
- Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
- Medal of Honor "Fighter for Peace" ( 1970 )
- other medals and certificates of honor
Memory
- On the house ( Zankovetskaya street (Kiev) , house 5/2), in which the writer lived since 1956 , a memorial plaque is installed.
- At the Kharkov House of Writers A word a memorial plaque is installed with a list of famous people who lived in it. The name of Smolich, who lived in the house for some time, is also carved there.
- The name of the writer is also one of the streets of Kiev . [7]
- In memory of Smolich in the USSR several postal envelopes were issued.
Soviet post envelope, 1980 . Artist P. Bendel
Soviet post envelope, 1990 . Artist Y. Artsimenev
A memorial plaque on the house Word with a list of famous tenants
Notes
- ↑ http://id.worldcat.org/fast/59812
- ↑ National Library of Australia - 1960.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Smolich, Yuri Korneevich . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- ↑ 1 2 3 Victor Grinevich. Yuri Smolich served as an artilleryman at Petlyura (Rus.) // Ukrainian-style newspaper. - K. , 2010. - № 1056 .
- ↑ 1 2 “Fiction Archive” - Smolich Yuriy Korniyovich (biography, works)
- ↑ Quote: “theater critic J. Gudran-Smolich wrote ...” - Essay on Valeria Inkizhinov . p.2
- ↑ Street Yuri Smolich . WikiMapia .
Literature
- Belarusian entsiklapedyya: U 18 t. T.15: Followed - Trio / Redkal .: G.P. Pashkova and іnsh - Minsk: BelEn, 2002. - V. 15. - p. 60. - 552 p. - 10 000 copies - ISBN 985-11-0251-2 (T. 15).
- Shakhovskoy S. Yuri Smolich. - K. , 1970.
- Starkevich E. Yuri Smolich // Ukrainian Soviet Writers. - T. 2. - K. 195
Links
Smolich, Yuri Korneevich . The site " Heroes of the country ."
- Yuri Smolich (English) on the Internet Movie Database
- Smolych Yuri Korneevich - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- July 8, 1900 was born Yuri Smolich - Ukrainian Soviet writer (rus.) // Ukrinform . - 2013. - No. 556317 .