Petrovskoe-Zykovo ( Zykovo ) is a former village of Moscow province and county . It was part of the All Saints parish . Founded at the end of the 17th century. Since 1905, in the city of Moscow [1] . Currently, the Seltsy occupies the territory of the Moscow region Airport [2] . The name of the village is associated with the name of the owner and with the location on the lands of the High Petrovsky Monastery [1] .
The settlement that became part of Moscow | |
Petrovskoe-Zykovo | |
---|---|
All Saints, Zykovo and Petrovsky Palace on the map of the beginning of the XIX century | |
Story | |
First mention | 1685 |
In the composition of Moscow with | 1905 |
Location | |
Counties | SAO |
Areas | Airport |
Metro stations | " Airport " |
Coordinates | |
History
The lands on which the village Petrovskoe-Zykovo was located belonged to the High Petrovsky Monastery . From the documents it is known that the village was founded after 1678. It is mentioned in the boundary book of 1685: “the land and all the grounds of the Petrovsky Monastery ... the wasteland of Pushkina, that now the village of Petrovskoye ... that now the land is owned by the recording ... Duma nobleman Afanasya Tikhonovich Zykova wife Evo Avdotya Petrovna " [1] . Petrovsky’s description is contained in the 1704 census book. At that time in the village there was a “ monastery courtyard, there are no one worldly people in the village; cattle yard, and servants in it live to work in three huts , and yes, there are 4 servant yard outside the yard [2] . In total, 32 people lived in the village [1] .
According to the officer inventory of the estate, compiled in 1763, the village was the nearest suburban residence of the monastery. There was a fenced courtyard with a garden: “ in that garden there were domineering mansions on a stone foundation, there are two light rooms with Galanian-style stoves, between their shade, attic upstairs ... In the yard there are 4 log houses with white brick kilns under one roof… Two more log hut under by one roof, between their porch ... A bathhouse, with a bright face in front of them, between their porch, under one roof . " There was an economic yard in the village with four "shops", that is, with barns for storing grain stocks and other food supplies. In the stable there were 10 horses and 11 foals, in the barnyard there were 27 cows, 32 sheep, 7 pigs, 17 geese, 11 ducks, and 19 Russian chickens. In the village there were two digging ponds in which fish were caught for monastic needs. The same document says that the residents of Petrovsky " keep the guard in the monastery courtyard, looking over the stables and cattle plants and birds ... they fix every kind of repair in these yards and repair the pond dams, and in the monastery they fix the stable post and make the monastic work of the monastery " [1 ] .
In 1764, during the secularization of church land holdings and peasants, the village of Petrovsky were transferred to the Office of the Board of Economy . Only the courtyard remained behind the monastery. The Economic Notes of 1800 states: “The village of Petrovskoye, Zykovo is also a commandant of a spiritual personage, with allotted church land to the village of All Saints. Yards 10, male 36 floor, female 40 ... On dry land at Copan pond, in which carp fish. In this village the house of the Petrovsky Monastery is a stone one with wooden services. At the very way of the sovereign's stone palace, built by the blessed memory of the empress Catherine the Second, in the best possible form of architecture, it has a birch and aspen grove, only hares, small birds of various breeds come into it ... The soil of the earth is silky, the bread and mowing will be born medium . Peasants on rent; crafts are hand-made in Moscow, well-to-do are mediocre, and women practice knitting to sell paper caps ” [1] . In the XIX century, the village of Petrovskoe-Zykovo entered the parish of the Church of All Saints in All Saints [3]
In 1776-1780-ies the Petrovsky Palace was built near the village. In 1827, Petrovsky Park was laid out around the palace. Land in the park soon began to sell for cottages [1] .
In 1835, Zykov's improvement project appeared. According to him, the Petrovsky Park was supposed to be extended in the north-western direction and to build new summer cottages there. The project involved the transfer of part of the village houses to the lands of the Palace Department and to the village of Vsekhsvyatskoe . Peasants, most of whom rented houses, refused to move. Transportation of houses was carried out at the expense of the treasury, each householder was paid 1000 rubles [1] .
In the middle of the XIX century, the village of Petrovskoe-Zykovo developed, its population grew. Numerous restaurants and taverns of the village took mostly gardeners from Petrovsky Park. In the summer, a gypsy camp arrived in the village. After the reform of 1861, the agricultural lands of Petrovsky-Zykov began to be sold for the construction of summer cottages [1] .
In 1852, 93 people (46 men and 47 women) lived in Petrovsky-Zykov [4] . In 1859, the village had 129 inhabitants (57 men and 72 women) [5] . According to the data of 1877, there were 37 peasant houses and 82 summer cottages in Petrovsky-Zykov. Some villagers continued farming, but they planted mostly potatoes, kept horses for carting and cows for selling milk [1] . In 1890 there were 426 inhabitants in the village [6] . By 1898, 46 peasant families lived in Petrovsky-Zykov, of which 40 were associated with crafts. The trade in samovars was widespread. In the village there were 6 cows and 17 horses. 38 peasant families had their own houses, they owned 120 huts and 20 “single” buildings [1] . In 1901, the Vindava railway line passed near Petrovsky-Zykov, and the Zykovo station opened (now the Grazhdanskaya platform).
In 1901 Andrian Antonovich Roshchin, a peasant of the Mozhaisk district peasant of the banner-bearers of the Mozhaisky uyezd, was a member of the Military Sergievo-Panteleimonovsky who offered to build the wooden chapel of Anastasia of the Sovereign , Princess Anastasia Nikolaevna, in Petrovsky-Zykov. The building was built in 1902, but it was no longer a chapel, but a church with a capacity of 700 people (not preserved). It was located "in Petrovsko-Razumovsky - Zykovsky passage." Thus, Petrovskoe-Zykovo received the status of a village . When the temple was opened parochial school. A women's gymnasium and a male secondary school were opened in Zykovsky settlements and in New Zykov [1] .
In 1905, Petrovskoe-Zykovo became part of Moscow [1] , becoming part of the Petrovsko-Razumovsky area. According to the data of 1907, 4,177 people (2,115 men and 2,062 women) lived in Petrovsky-Zykovo, and in 1912 - 6,231 people (3,090 men and 3,141 women) [7] .
At the beginning of the 20th century, an unfavorable ecological situation was observed in Petrovsky-Zykov. Here is what a local correspondent wrote in 1911 [8] :
Ponds, streams and rivers are heavily polluted. So, by the way, the bath water goes in open ditches all over Zykov, terribly polluting the whole area. The water is polluted especially by the Terekhov baths in the Eldoradovsky lane. and the Muller plant in Zykovsky. |
The name of the Old Zykovsky and New Zykovsky Passages is connected with the village [9] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 History of Moscow districts. Encyclopedia / Ed. K.A. Averyanova. - M .: Astrel, 2005. - p. 288-298. - 832 s. - ISBN 5-271-11122-9 .
- ↑ 1 2 Northern District of Moscow / Ed. E. N. Machulsky. - M .: Encyclopedia of Russian villages, 1995. - p. 82-100. - 383 s. - ISBN 5-80367-005-9 .
- ↑ Collection of statistical information on the Moscow province. T. 1. Moscow county . - M. , 1877.
- ↑ Index of villages and residents of districts of the Moscow province / comp. K.M. Nystrem - M. , 1952.
- ↑ Lists of populated areas of the Russian Empire, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior . - St. Petersburg, 1862. - p. 11.
- ↑ A.P. Shramchenko. Reference book of the Moscow province: (description of the counties) / comp. by official information managing director of the Moscow Governor A. P. Shramchenko . - M. , 1890. - p. 39.
- ↑ Suburbs and villages of Moscow district, Vol. 6 - M. , 1913. - p. 114.
- ↑ Suburbs and villages of Moscow district, Vol. 6 - M. , 1913. - p. 222.
- ↑ Vostryshev M. I. Moscow: all streets, squares, boulevards, lanes. - M .: Algorithm, Eksmo, 2010. - P. 184. - ISBN 978-5-699-33874-0 .