Colon ( dr. Greek κῶλον letters. Member [speech]) in ancient grammar and rhetoric is a rhythmic and formal unit of a prosaic or poetic text. In the ancient theory of music, colon is a department of textual music. In Latin texts, the term was transmitted either by transliteration of lat. colon (plural cola), or Latin translation . membrum [orationis] .
Brief
Columns separated by caesura are made up of one or more words. The combination of columns forms a unit of form of a higher level - the period ( lat. Periodus ). The same columns break up into comms ( lat. Comma , plural commata) - the smallest rhythmic units of the text.
The period made up of columns of the same size (Veni, vidi, vici) is called the “isocolon”, of the two columns - the “bicolon”, of the three - the “tricolon”. Some "poetic" books of the Bible (first of all, the Psalter ) are built colometrically . Bl Jerome, when translating the books of the Prophets (according to the Septuagint ), arranged the text also colorometrically.
Medieval teachings on musical form were built by analogy with the ancient rhetorical and grammatical teachings. The smallest formal segment was “comma”, comparable to a modern motive. The role of the “column” (the section of the form, consisting of two or more comments) was assigned to the structure, which is now called the “phrase”.
The first draft of the new European "musical grammar" is in anonymous treatises of the late IX century. “Music Textbook” (Musica enchiriadis) and “Scholias to the Music Textbook” (Scolica enchiriadis). The first briefly speaks only of commits and columns [1] . In the second, the terms “Textbook”, which are interpreted in length and with analytical examples, add a “period” ( lat. Periodus ) [2] - the largest department of the textual music form of the time [3] . Subsequently, musical grammar was reproduced (with options) in treatises on music throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance - as long as the text dominated music in musical form (in textual form), and trivia disciplines were taught routinely in the system of university education.
Notes
- ↑ Musica et Scolica enchiriadis <...> edidit Hans Schmid // Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Veröffentlichungen der Musikhistorischen Kommission. Bd. 3. München, 1981, pp. 22-23.
- ↑ Ibidem , pp. 82-85.
- ↑ The term “period” has survived to the present day, having switched to the doctrine of the musical form of the New Age, the subject of which was absolute music (where the form of music is not determined by the form of the text).
Literature
- DuMesnil, Adolf. Begriff der drei Kunstformen der Rede. Komma, Kolon, Periode, nach der Lehre der Alten. Frankfurt / Oder, 1894.
- Lausberg, Heinrich. Elemente der literarischen Rhetorik. 6. Auflage. München, 1979. ISBN 3-19-006508-X .
- Loretz, Oswald. Die Psalmen: Beitrag der Ugarit-Texte zum Verständnis von Kolometrie und Textologie der Psalmen. Bd. 2: Psalm 90-150. Neukirchen-Vluyn, 1979.