The 1947 Autumn Offensive in Northeast China ( Chinese Rev. 东北 1947 年 秋季 战役 , September 14 - November 9, 1947) is a major military campaign in Manchuria during the Chinese Civil War .
| 1947 Autumn Offensive in Northeast China | |||
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| Main Conflict: Civil War in China | |||
| date of | September 14 - November 9, 1947 | ||
| A place | Jirin and Liaoning Provinces | ||
| Total | communist victory | ||
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| Commanders | |||
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| Forces of the parties | |||
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| Losses | |||
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Content
- 1 Background
- 2 Forces of the parties
- 3 Course of events
- 3.1 First stage
- 3.2 Second stage
- 3.3 Third stage
- 4 Summary and Consequences
- 5 Sources
Background
After the successes of the Communists in the summer offensive, Chiang Kai-shek removed Du Yumin from the command of troops in the North-East of China and replaced Chen Chen instead. As far back as 1946, Chen Cheng proposed withdrawing troops from Manchuria, defeating the main communist forces in central China, and only then to tackle remote areas. Arriving at the place and evaluating the forces and the situation, he decided to concentrate his forces on protecting such large cities as Changchun , Siping , Shenyang and Jinzhou , as well as the railway lines connecting them.
By August, the Communists made up for the losses and formed new troops, preparing for the autumn battles. The task of the autumn offensive, Mao Zedong set the suppression of land communications of Manchuria with central China, so that the Kuomintang troops could not, leaving Manchuria, take part in the hostilities in Inner China. Based on his instructions, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan developed the following plan: first, the troops of the Hebei-Zhehe-Liaoning military district (united in the 2nd front under the command of Cheng Zihua ) attack the weakly protected Beinin Railway , and when the Kuomintang troops deploy to the west, then six columns from northern and southern Manchuria (united in the 1st front under the command of Xiao Jingguan ) will cut the railway line between Siping and Changchun .
The forces of the parties
Chen Cheng dismissed many local security units, which were actually former parts of the imperial army of Manzhou , but after the 49th army was transferred from central China to Manchuria, Kuomintang forces reached half a million people in forty-five divisions, combined into ten armies.
The communists, having led the peasantry to their side thanks to land reform and having established military industry in the Manchu cities, since 1946 began to train troops and create a large army. By the autumn of 1947, they had troops of 510 thousand troops, combined into nine columns and twelve separate divisions (including two cavalry divisions).
Event
Stage One
It so happened that the Kuomintang began the first fighting. To secure the Beinin Railway, on September 6, three Kuomintang divisions launched an attack on the troops of the 2nd Front from Suizhong , Xincheng and Jinxi . However, the communists, adjusting the plans, decided to attack the troops of the 8th and 9th columns of the 2nd front anyway. On September 13, the troops of the 8th column reached the approaches to Jinxi and, by the evening of September 16, defeated the Kuomintang 50th Division near Yangjiazhangzi.
By September 19, the Kuomintang command had transferred part of the 49th army from Jinzhou to Yangjiazhangzi. The fighting resumed on September 21, the Kuomintang command transferred additional units from under Jinzhou and Jinxi, but on September 22 the battle ended in favor of the Communists.
On September 28-30, 2nd Front troops cut the railway line between Jinzhou and Shanhaiguan . Chen Cheng was forced to transfer two divisions from Telin to Jinzhou, as well as request assistance from Fu Zuoi , commander of the Kuomintang forces in northern China.
Second Stage
Taking advantage of the weakening of the Kuomintang forces on the South Manchurian Railway , on September 26, Lin Biao ordered the beginning of the autumn offensive. On October 1, the 7th and 9th divisions of the 3rd column surrounded the Kuomintang 116th division of the 53rd Army and completely defeated it on October 2. Under the blows of the Communists, the Kuomintang troops quickly rolled back to Telin, Kaiyuan and Sypin . Lin Biao ordered the troops of the 3rd and 4th columns to take Kaiyuan (where only four regiments defended), and the troops of the 1st and 2nd columns to block Sypin. On October 7th, troops of the 7th column took Zhangyu .
Third Stage
On October 8, Chiang Kai-shek flew to Shenyang. After meeting with local commanders, he flew to Beiping , where he ordered Fu Zuoi to send troops to the northeast in order to restore land communication with Manchuria. Moving forward slowly, without spraying, the North Chinese Kuomintang troops pushed back the 8th and 9th columns, and in mid-October ensured the restoration of railway communication with Manchuria.
Meanwhile, the 8th and 9th columns approached Chaoyang and took the city in the evening of October 22. The North Chinese Kuomintang forces advancing towards him from the south were stopped near Ishian on October 28 and defeated during the battle, which lasted from October 31 to November 2.
In the north on October 16, troops of the 6th column surrounded Jirin . Huayde was taken on October 20. On October 18, the 4th column surrounded Fushun , but could not take the city. On November 9, the autumn offensive of the Communists ended.
Summary and Consequences
As a result of the autumn offensive, the Communists took 15 cities, and destroyed enemy troops with a total number of up to 69 thousand people. The transfer of Kuomintang troops to Manchuria weakened their combat capabilities in central China, as a result of which the communists were able to take Shijiazhuang .
Sources
- 中国 革命 战争 纪实。 解放 战争。 东北 卷 (Full story of the Revolutionary War. Liberation War. Volume "Northeast"), - Beijing: "People's Publishing House", 2004. ISBN 978-7-01-004261-9