Canal digger (also ditch digger ) - a device or machine designed to open drainage ditches, drainage and irrigation canals, ditches, etc. They are used in land reclamation , peat industry , in road and railway construction. There are machines with passive, active and combined working bodies. The passive working bodies can be a plow or a dump ; the active ones can be a chain or rotor equipped with buckets or scrapers, milling cutters , augers , etc. [1] [2]
 External Images | |
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| Grooving machines MK-17, KFN-1200, ETR-206 and ETR-301 [3] | |
 | Canal digger MK-17 |
| Canal digger KFN-1200 |
| Canal digger ETR-206 |
| Canal digger ETR-301 |
The digger can be a self-propelled machine or attachments to a tractor .
The working body of the dump canal diggers is a double symmetrical clamshell blade that develops the soil in layers and forms the bottom and slopes of the torn channel. Rotary, chain and screw channel diggers are a longitudinal digging machine - a continuous excavator moving along the axis of the torn channel and developing soil using a bucket or scraper chain, bucket or scraper rotor, rotary cutters or augers (the so-called excavator-digger ). Canal diggers with a combined working body in one pass tear off channels up to 3 meters deep, and each working body creates its own part of the section of the torn channel [2] .
Content
Canal diggers with plow tool
An example of a canal digger with a passive plow type working body is MK-16, which is an attachment to the T-130 G-1 tractor and designed to clean and lay temporary irrigation canals in soils of categories I — II. The machine tears off in one pass a trapezoidal channel with a depth of 0.5 meters and a width of 0.6 meters along the bottom, the laying of slopes 1: 1 (if necessary, the laying can be changed). The canal digger consists of a two-plow plow with interchangeable shares mounted on a rack, it is equipped with slope seals and rests on a ski, which limits the depth of the share. In the process, the developed soil is extracted and distributed along the berm [1] [4] .
Digger excavators
Plow rotor channel diggers
Plow-rotor channel diggers use an inclined rotor and a blade as a working body. The rotor creates a leading slot along one of the slopes of the channel, the blade cuts out soil along the second slope, the soil from the blade goes to the rotor and is carried out by special portable rotor blades in the dump located along one of the berms. The range of the garbage is regulated by the baffle plate. An example of a plow-rotor channel digger is MK-17, tearing off trapezoidal channels of depth up to 0.5 meters in soils of categories I-III with rocky inclusions of not more than 80 mm. The MK-17 canal digger is an attachment to the DT-75 B tractor [5] [6] .
Two-rotor channel diggers
Two-rotor channel diggers as a working body use two inclined rotors (milling cutters), each of which cuts a slot along the corresponding slope when the machine moves. The cropped central prism of the soil is loosened with the help of rippers installed on the rotors and falls on the rotors by gravity , the soil is carried out by the rotors into the dumps on both sides of the channel. The equipment must have high strength, since during operation it is subjected to significant abrasion when rubbing against a highly abrasive medium and also to shock loads when meeting buried wood and stones. An example of a two-rotor canal digger is KFN-1200 and its improved model KFN-1200A produced by the Mozyr plant for land reclamation machines . The canal diggers of these models are mounted on the T-100 MBGS base tractor and break through drainage channels up to 1.2 meters deep in category I peat and peat soils. The channel width along the bottom is 0.25 meters, the slope is set to 1: 1. The seized soil is distributed in a thin layer on both sides of the channel at a distance of up to 10 meters [5] [6] [7] .
Rotary channel diggers
Rotor channel diggers are a rotary trench excavator equipped with two inclined screws with cutting elements. The rotor tears the trench along the axis of the channel, the rotating screws develop soil along the slopes, feeding soil to the rotor. The developed soil is carried out by the rotor from the channel and is fed to a pair of dump conveyors, which remove it to the dumps along both berms. Rotor shovels are one of the largest trench excavators [5] [6] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Channel digger // Agricultural Encyclopedic Dictionary / V.K. Mesyats . - Moscow: “Soviet Encyclopedia”, 1989. - 656 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Article “Ditch digger” // Mountain Encyclopedia / E. A. Kozlovsky. - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. - T. 1. - ISBN 5-85270-007-X .
- ↑ Shovel excavators (longitudinal digging) . TechStroy.ru. Date of treatment December 27, 2013.
- ↑ Site about canal diggers (inaccessible link) . kanalokonach.jimdo.com/. Date of treatment December 27, 2013. Archived December 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 A.A. Isakson, V.M. Donskoy, A.I. Filatov. Handbook of a young excavator driver. - Moscow: Higher School, 1979. - S. 7-8. - 272 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Z. E. Garbuzov, V. M. Donskoy. Continuous excavators. - Moscow: Higher School, 1987. - 288 p.
- ↑ Canal diggers KFN-1200 and KFN-1200A . TechStroy.ru. Date of treatment December 27, 2013.