Abu al-Hassan al-Shazili

His full name is Abul-Hasan Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Jabbar al-Hasani al-Husseini al-Shazili al-Maghribi. Born in 1196 in the village of Gamarat in the north of Morocco ^{[3] [4]} . His family belongs to the Seyids and dates back to the Prophet Muhammad ^[5] .

He received a brilliant education and at the age of about 21 he left his native land in search of knowledge. He studied in Fez, and from 1244 he lived in Alexandria ^[6] . Having made a pilgrimage to Mecca, he went to Baghdad, where there were large fakihs, experts on the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as prominent Sufi teachers: al-Muhasibi , Sari Sakati , Dzhunaid al-Baghdadi , Abdul-Qadir al-Jilani , al-Shibli and others . In Baghdad, he attended a training course with Sheikh Abul Fatah al-Wasiti, on whose advice he returned to his homeland to continue his studies with . After graduating from Ibn Mashish, Abul-Hassan al-Shazili went to the village of Shazili (modern Tunisia). He founded his first zawia in 1227 in Tunisia. Al-Shazili settled in the cave of Mount Zalalzh on the outskirts of Tunis, known as the Al-Shazili Cave. There he lived and accepted students ^[5] .

He died in 1258 in the village of Humaisra in Egypt during the commission of the Hajj ^[7] . His grave on the Red Sea is revered by Muslims ( ziyarat ). Sultan Mamlukov of that era built a mausoleum over his grave ^[5] .

Abul-Hassan al-Shazili called on his disciples (murids) to commemorate Allah every minute by means of a quiet dhikr- hafi, fear of God, strict observance of the instructions of the Shariah and following the Sunnah of the Prophet. He did not welcome the practice of seclusion ( halva ) and collective gatherings of Sufis ( sama ). According to al-Shazili, ideas and the spirit of fraternity ( tariqah ) should be implemented in everyday life without leaving the world ^[8] .

Shazilites use all the benefits of civilization permitted by Sharia and do not approve of severe asceticism. Their dhikr and spiritual practice are conducted in their free time from work and other activities and do not harm the daily duties of a person and his family. They don’t wear special clothes and, following Junaid al-Baghdadi, prefer “sober” service ( sahw ) and refrain from the state of “intoxication” ( sucral ) ^[8] .

Murid of the Shazili tariqah must perceive himself as a slave who constantly feels his worthlessness before the greatness of Allah; to feel absolute dependence on Allah and be continuously grateful to him ^[5] .

Tariff management is elective. After the death of Abul-Hassan al-Shazili, the tariqah was headed by Abbas al-Mursi, and then Tajuddin ibn Ataullah al-Iskenderani. Thanks to the writings of al-Iskenderani, the Shazilite tariq became popular in the Maghreb. The famous historian and philosopher Ibn Khaldun belonged to the Shazilites ^[8] .

The Shazilite tariq is divided into various branches: Arusites, Wafaites, Zarrukites, Jazulites, Habibites, etc. Some branches (for example, Isavites) used ecstatic methods in spiritual practice, and in several regions of Africa the teaching was mixed with traditional local beliefs, which is why Tariqah members were attacked by traditionalists. The Shazilite tariqa played a large role in the Islamization of the peoples of Africa, actively opposed the colonialist policies of European countries. His ideas are common not only in the countries of North and Central Africa, but also in Europe and the Caucasus ^[8] . Followers of this tariq can be seen on the Comoros, in India and even Indonesia. In Russia, the Shazili tariff is valid in Dagestan and neighboring republics ^[5] .

• Ali-zade A. A. Shazility // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- 400 p. - (The Golden Fund of Islamic Thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .

• Amirkhanov, Muhammad Sheikh Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Shazili (neopr.) . Islamdag.ru (January 21, 2011). Date of treatment December 27, 2013. </>