Ilya Andreevich Mayorov ( July 15, 1890 , Kazan Province - September 11, 1941 , Medvedevsky Forest near Orel) - left SR , member of the Central Committee of the People's Democratic Party of Russia , chairman of the Sviyazhsk district council (1917), delegate of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly , member of the All-Russian Central Election Committee (1918), deputy People's Commissar of Agriculture of the RSFSR (1918); husband of Maria Spiridonova .
Ilya Andreevich Mayorov | |||||||
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Predecessor | position established | ||||||
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Head of the government | Vladimir Ilyich Lenin | ||||||
Predecessor | position established | ||||||
Birth | village of Tikhiy Ples , Sviyazhsk District , Kazan Province | ||||||
Death | Medvedevsky forest near Orel | ||||||
Spouse | M.A. Spiridonova | ||||||
The consignment | AKP (1906-17); PLSR (since 1917) | ||||||
Education | Kazan University | ||||||
Profession | revolutionary politician |
Content
Biography
Early years. First link
Ilya Mayorov was born on July 15, 1890 in the village of Tikhiy Ples (according to other sources, in 1891 in the village of Gordeevo, Yumatovsky volost [1] [2] ) of Sviyazhsky district of Kazan province in the family of a peasant Andrei Yakovlevich Mayorov. Ilya Andreevich studied at the natural department of Kazan University , but was expelled in 1914 for participation in the revolutionary movement. He later graduated from law school [1] .
During the Revolution of 1905-1907 , in 1906 [3] , Maiorov joined the Socialist Revolutionary Party (AKP). In April 1914, he was arrested and exiled by the tsar's court to the Yenisei province for a period of 3 years. He fled from the place of exile, going to the illegal position [1] .
1917. Kazan and Sviyazhsk. PLSR
After the February Revolution of 1917, Maiorov returned to Kazan and actively engaged in political activities: he was elected to the Council of Peasant Deputies (CD). From June to November, he was chairman of the Sviazhsky district land committee and the district zemstvo government : he believed then that the peasantry should immediately and “pull our mother earth from parasites” [1] . On June 16, Mayorov signed a decree of the land committee on the distribution among the peasants of landowners' land, livestock and implements [4] . During this period, he sought the organization of county, volost and rural Soviets and actively collaborated with the Bolsheviks , believing that "the Russian revolution is being accomplished not according to the norms of ... civil law , but according to the laws of history" [5] . He joined the Left Social Revolutionaries (PLSR) [1] .
Ilya Mayorov was the closest assistant to the leader of the Kazan Left Social Revolutionaries, Andrei Kolegayev : after the latter left for the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, he replaced him in the posts of chairman of the “SRP” junior (provincial committee ) and chairman of the provincial CD [1] .
In November 1917, Maiorov was elected a delegate of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly from the Kazan District on list No. 11 (the Social Revolutionaries and the Council of the Collective Congress ). Took part in the meeting-dispersal of the Assembly on January 5, 1918 [1] .
The basic law on the socialization of the land. Deputy Commissar
Mayorov was a participant in the struggle for the establishment of Soviet power . At the First Congress of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (November 19–28, 1917) in Petrograd, he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . Mayorov became a delegate to the 3rd All-Russian Congress of the Soviets of the CD (January 13, 1918), while the combined 3rd All-Russian Congress of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies elected him a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , in which he entered the executive committee of the peasant section [1] .
Together with Kolegayev, Mayorov was the author of the text of the “ Basic Law on the Socialization of the Land ”, as defined by V.I. Lenin, “the first law in the world abolishing all ownership of land” [6] . The congress approved the law and approved its “General Provisions”, and transferred the remaining articles to the peasant section of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for revision [1] .
On April 24, 1918, Maiorov delivered a report on agrarian policy at the Second Party Congress (April 17–25) in Moscow and was elected a member of the Party Central Committee [1] .
The task of this congress is to rework the old agrarian program and make it concrete in the spirit of the times. The solution of the issue of land socialization is complicated by the results of the Stolypin land law, implanting private ownership of land in the village ... This made the situation so complicated that [AKP], being in power, did not clearly see the real form of land socialization ...
- from the speech of I. A. Mayorov, “Banner of Labor” (April 30, 1918)
Soon he issued a brochure where he stated that “socialization of the land” is composed of three main points: the destruction of private ownership of land, the replacement of land by labor and the distribution of land on a leveling basis according to the use-labor rate. The most important point "in the development of agriculture and, perhaps, the whole Russian revolution" Maiorov considered "the expropriation of all unearned agricultural farms" (see Black Repartition ) [1] [7] .
Since January 1918, Maiorov was a member of the collegium of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR , from which he left in mid-June, submitting to the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of People's Republic of Belarus [1] .
/ Peasant communism / the phenomenon is new, but obviously it has deep roots in the thick of the working peasantry, and the task of our party is to move our agrarian program further, to precisely point out to the peasantry by means of extensive propaganda and visual experience of the benefits of agricultural communism
- from the speech of I. A. Mayorov at the II Congress of the Party of People's Republic of Belarus (1918)
Rise of the Left Social Revolutionaries. Arrests and links
On June 24, 1918, together with M.A. Spiridonova, Ilya Mayorov was elected to the Bureau of the Central Committee, which was entrusted with the deployment of terrorist activities against the "German imperialists and occupiers." At the Third Party Congress, Majorov in the debate condemned the actions of the Bolsheviks and their loyal party colleagues: "... go to the Kremlin, to Lenin!" [1] . He was an opponent of the Brest Peace ; He accused the Bolsheviks of the persecution of the working peasantry, and protested against the combatants , the firm price of bread , the death penalty and terror [1] .
After the defeat of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary insurrection in Moscow on July 6-7, 1918, Maiorov, returning to Kazan, went into hiding. At the same time, he participated in the work of the Fourth Party Congress (October 2-7) in Moscow. Upon his return to Kazan, he was arrested and taken to Moscow in early November [1] .
On November 27, 1918, the Revolutionary Tribunal under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Majorov was sentenced to 3 years in prison. Due to his health condition (Majorov was sick with tuberculosis ) he was amnestied. The following year he was re-arrested. He was in exile in Tashkent and Samarkand [2] , and in 1923 he was sent to the state farm- colony in the Kaluga province [1] [8] .
In 1925, Maiorov was exiled to Przhevalsk , and then to Tashkent . In 1930, he was arrested by the OGPU , and was in prison in Butyrka [2] . Later he was exiled to Ufa , where he worked as a planner economist at the Ufa sales canning base [2] and married Maria Spiridonova . During the years of the Ufa exile, Majorov and his wife, his son from another woman, his father, and Irina Kakhovskaya and Alexandra Izmailovich (also members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party) Spiridonova's penal servitude (also members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party) lived for a time “commune” [1] .
In 1937, Maiorov was arrested, along with his wife, by the UNKVD of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on charges of "active anti-Soviet terrorist activities" [2] . On January 8, 1938, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison by the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court . After the start of World War II , September 8, 1941, Maiorov was sentenced to death . Together with other political prisoners of the Oryol prison Ilya Andreyevich Mayorov was shot on September 11, 1941 in the Medvedevsky forest near Orel . In one day, Maria Spiridonova was shot with him. Rehabilitated in 1990 [1] .
Works
- Maiorov I. A. Practical socialization of the land. - Saratov: Revolutionary socialism, 1918. - 53 p.
Family
Wife: Maria Alexandrovna Spiridonov (1884–1941) - Russian revolutionary, one of the leaders of the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party.
Son Leo - also subjected to repression, but survived.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Majorov Ilya Andreevich . www.hrono.ru. The appeal date is October 19, 2016.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 MAYOROV Ilya Andreevich | CentrAsia . CentrAsia. The appeal date is October 19, 2016.
- ↑ The history of the Socialist Revolutionary Party - Mayorov, Ilya Andreevich (Inaccessible link) . socialist-revolutionist.ru. Circulation date October 19, 2016. Archived October 19, 2016.
- ↑ Silayev, 1958 , p. 631.
- ↑ Silayev, 1958 , p. 643.
- ↑ Lenin, 1965-1975 , p. 330.
- ↑ Yakimov D.V. Views of Bolsheviks and left-wing socialist revolutionaries on the forms of organization of agricultural production in 1917-1918 (on the materials of the Saratov province) // Bulletin of the Saratov State Socio-Economic University. - 2008. - Vol. 03 (22) . - p . 157-161 . - ISSN 1994-5094 .
- ↑ I. MAYOROV - in the GPU .
Literature
- The revolutionary struggle of the peasants of the Kazan province on the eve of October (Collection of documents and materials) / comp. N. M. Silaeva; by ed. I.M. Ionenko. - Kazan: Tatknigoizdat, 1958. - p. 631, 643. - 824 p.
- Lenin V.I. Complete Works. - 5th ed. - 1965-1975. - T. 35. - p. 330.
- The Party of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries. Documents and materials. - M. , 2000. - V. 1: July 1917 - May 1918 - p. 554.
- GARF. F. 8409. Op. 1. D. 27. S. 35. Autograph.
- Leontyev Ya., Chubykin I. Mayorov Ilya Andreevich // Political Parties of Russia. Late XIX - first third of the 20th century: Encyclopedia. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 1996. - p. 333-335. - ISBN 5-86004-037-7 .
See also
- Black repartition
- Rise of the Left SRs