Tomos to Flavian ( Latin: Tomus ad Flavianum, Epistola ad Flavianum ) is a [1] of Pope Leo I (440-461) to the Patriarch of Flavian of Constantinople (447-449), written in June 449 in connection with the teachings of Archimandrite Eutyches .
In this letter, in the writing of which the secretary of Pope Prosper of Aquitain participated, the doctrine of the two natures of Jesus Christ , the divine and the human, and their combination in one person was formulated. The tomos also speaks of two wills and two energies. Tomos became the program document of the Orthodox Church in their struggle against Monophysitism . In Libellus Hormisdae , which after the completion of the Akakian schism in 519, each bishop was supposed to sign, loyalty to the messages of Leo I, in particular the Tomos, was especially emphasized.
Although the predecessors of Leo I were the authors of numerous epistles, they, if they touched on theological issues, did not contain detailed reasoning. The Epistles of Leo allow us to consider him as the first theologian in the Roman pulpit . Tomos has become one of the most important doctrinal documents, as a result of which the authority of the pope in the East has significantly increased. The great importance attached to Tomos soon gave rise to legends about its almost supernatural origin. The legend set forth by John Mosch about how the pope laid Tomos on the tomb of St. Peter , asking him to correct if there are errors, and forty days later received an answer from the apostle: "read and corrected", was known even in Ancient Russia [2] [3] .
The tomos was read and approved at the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Accordingly, modern churches, rejecting the Council of Chalcedon, reject Tomos. In subsequent centuries, Tomos received a positive assessment at a number of church councils , and Church Fathers of the 5th – 8th centuries, such as Anastasius of Sinai , Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus , often quoted him in their dogmatic works [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Backyard, 2011b .
- ↑ John Mosch the Spiritual Meadow. Lemonar or Sinai Patericon . Date of treatment December 22, 2013.
- ↑ Zadvorny, 2011a , p. 76.
- ↑ Fokine, 2009 .
Literature
- in Russian
- Zadvorny V. L. Compositions of Roman pontiffs of the late antiquity and early Middle Ages. - M .: Publisher Franciscan, 2011a. - 495 p. - (The origins of European civilization = Exordia civilizationis Europeae). - ISBN 978-5-89208-09207.
- Zadvorny V.L. Tomos // Catholic Encyclopedia . - 2011b. - T. IV . - S. 1398-1399 . - ISBN 978-5-89208-096-5 .
- Fokin A.R. Book review: Green B. The Soteriology of Leo the Great // Bulletin of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University . Theology – philosophy. - M. , 2009. - No. 27 . - S. 114–117 .
- in English
- Green B. The Soteriology of Leo the Great. - New York: Oxford University Press , 2008 .-- Oxford theological monographs. - ISBN 978–0–19–953495–1.
Links
- Tomos of Leo (Latin and Russian translation) in Wikisource.
- Tomos text (inaccessible link) . Ecclesiopedia. Date of treatment December 22, 2013. Archived December 24, 2013.