Trailin, Sergey Alexandrovich

Sergey Aleksandrovich Trailin
Sergey Aleksandrovich Trailin
Date of Birth	September 16, 1872
Place of Birth	Stanitsa Verkhne-Kurmoyarskaya , Region of the Don Cossacks , Russian Empire
Date of death	December 2, 1951 (79 years)
Place of death	Prague , Czechoslovakia
Affiliation	Russian empire; White movement; Great Don Army
Type of army	cavalry
Rank	lieutenant general
Commanded	commander of the 1st Don Plastun Brigade Don Army , Head of the Division

Content

Biography

Military Service

Sergey Aleksandrovich Trailin ( September 16, 1872 , the village of Verkhne-Kurmoyarskaya , Region of the Don Cossacks , Russian Empire - December 2, 1951 , Prague , Czechoslovakia ) - comes from the numerous, well-known noble Cossack family of the Don Cossacks of the Trailins . His father, Colonel Alexander Dementievich Trailin, according to the testimony of his contemporaries, was distinguished by his kindness and enjoyed authority among people who knew him. In March 1918 he was shot by the Bolsheviks . Brother Anatoly Alexandrovich, Lieutenant-General, participant of the First World War , commander of the 1st Don Cossack Regiment in Petrograd in 1917 , participant of the Civil War , died in exile in Yugoslavia ( Zagreb ). Troilin S. A. received a military education in the Polotsk Cadet Corps and Nikolaevsk Cavalry School . Service began in 1891 in the Life Guard Cossack regiment in St. Petersburg . The cornet ( 1893 ). Centurion ( 1897 ). Podlesaul ( 1901 ). Headquarters captain of the Central Office of Military Communications ( 1904 ). Esaul ( 1905 ). Lieutenant Colonel ( 1906 ). Clerk of the Main Directorate of Military Schools ( 1906 - 1917 ). Colonel ( 1911 - for the difference). As a gifted and highly cultured officer, he was invited to the position of educator for children of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich . The portrait of S. A Trailin was performed by M. V. Rundaltsov etching ( 1916 ). In 1918 he joined the Don Army . The commander of the 1st Don Plastun Brigade, and then the head of the division. Major General ( 1919 ). Since the end of 1919 - the head of the organization Scouts Don. Lieutenant General ( 1920 ). Evacuated from Novorossiysk . In emigration through Constantinople and Bulgaria he moved to Czechoslovakia , where he lived until his death in 1951 in Prague .

Composer

Creativity in Russia

From childhood, he played the harmonica, independently learned to play the piano in the cadet corps, mastered many wind instruments, and conducted the cadet choir. Already at this time I tried to write potpourri and small plays. In 1895 he got acquainted with M. A. Balakirev , who began to direct his musical education, studied harmony and counterpoint with the professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory of A. A. Petrov. In 1898, Trailin created two symphonies that were performed in Pavlovsk , Sestroretsk , in Tsarskoye Selo in the presence of Nicholas II , in Yalta and many other cities. At the same time, he wrote many works for piano and romances , including the words of a young Don poet V. I. Dmitriev (his comrade in the cadet school and college), who were performed by M. I. Dolina, Z. P. Lodiy and E. F. Petrenko. In 1906, the author created the ballet "Knight and Fairy", staged in 1913 in the Trinity Theater in the lead role with O. A. Spesivtseva , the opera "Hadji Murad" written in 1908 . The celebrity S. A. Trailin was brought by the opera Taras Bulba ( 1910 ), first staged in the Petrograd Folk House in 1914 , as well as the opera Stenka Razin (1914). On Don, the composer was best known as the author of the jubilee march of the 5th Don Cossack Ataman Vlasov regiment , composed for the 100th anniversary of the battle with the French near Kraon-Laon . In Novocherkassk, the composer was invited to the post of rector of the Don Conservatory .

In emigration

At first, the composer had to do some random musical work to earn money: to do arrangements , orchestration , to give private lessons. Since 1925, S. A Trailin is a music teacher at the Russian Gymnasium in Prague, then heads the correspondence office of the notes of the General Student Russian Choir named after Arkhangelsk. In the 1930s, Trailin worked as a pianist and composer in the studio of the choreographer of the Prague National Theater E. Nikolskaya . Here he continues his composer activities and writes a number of compositions: Oriental, Oriental Dances, Waltzes , and the Magic Crown ballet. In 1931, Trailin was elected chairman of the Russian Musical Society in Prague. For the holiday “Day of Russian Culture” on June 13, 1933, Trailin wrote the suite “In the Czech Republic”. The suite was performed by the orchestra of the Czechoslovak radio conducted by a Czech conductor and composer K. B. Jirak . In 1937, to the 100th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, the author writes music for performances for children “Golden Fish” and “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda”. The 30s were marked by the most fruitful work of the composer. Many chamber works , the opera Rich Guest Terentishche, Fantasia on Russian themes “Moscow”, piano miniatures, Russian and Moravian song processing, choirs , which are performed by Russian and Czech musicians in concerts of the Russian community, and on Czech radio were created. In the Folk Theater of Prague, the opera Trailina Taras Bulba is staged. The performers were A. Novikov-Ryzhkov, L. Belotsvetova, the Peshkov quartet, the choir “Archangel” , the orchestra of the Czechoslovak radio and many others. One of the composer’s last works was the unfinished prologue to A. Pushkin’s poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” “The Green Oak at the Lukomorye” for choir and orchestra. The surviving passages indicate the richness and complexity of the musical language of the author.

Family

Trailina Claudia Semenovna ( 1879 - 1963 ) - the spouse of the famous composer. She studied at the drawing school OPH in St. Petersburg . In emigration, she continued her education at the courses of applied art and at the Institute of Art and Industry . She was an artist of applied art and aquarellist: she painted on porcelain and silk, wrote watercolors . In the 1950s, K. S Trailina compiled the composer's notography (RGALI, F. 2660). She was buried next to her husband at the Olshansky cemetery in Prague . Children: Alexander, Sergey, Veronika and Yuri Trailiny. The fate of the children is unknown.

The outcome of the life path

In recent years, the composer was sick a lot. He lived in the country with his wife and granddaughter. Due to his illness, Sergei Alexandrovich did not perceive his right hand and could not play the piano, but continued to record music. After the liberation of Prague, S. A. Trailin was one of the first to apply for the restoration of Soviet citizenship . However, his desire was not fulfilled. He died on December 2, 1951 . He was buried in the Olshansky cemetery . Contemporaries noted the great creative legacy of the composer, that a man who ardently loved his Motherland, his people left us. In the music world, Sergei Aleksandrovich was especially revered for the wonderful music for ballets, like The Magic King, Knight and Fairy, Fantasy Island, Hashish.

The legacy of the composer (RGALI F. 2660)

Manuscript notes of S. A. Trailin. Operas (scores and claviers): “Taras Bulba” after N. V. Gogol (1912–1933), “Stepan Razin” (1936–1944), “The Rich Guest Terentyishche” after D. V. Averkiev (1937–1942), "Haji Abrek" by M. Yu. Lermontov (1941-1943) and others; "Knight and Fairy" - ballet, score and clavier (1928-1929); music for performances: “The Twelfth Night” by V. Shakespeare (1922), “A Feast during the Plague” by A. S. Pushkin (1923); Works for orchestra: “In the Czech Republic” - suite (1923), “March-grotesque” (1931), “Spanish Rhapsody” (1938), “Russian Overture” (1941), “Ilya Muromets” - symph. epic (1942-1944) and others; quartets No 1, 2, 3, 4 (1939-1945), sonata for cello and piano (1944) sonata for violin and piano (1945); Works for piano: waltzes, mazurkas, nocturne, etc. (1905-1945); romances for voice with piano on the next. C. D. Balmont, A. A. Blok, M. Yu. Lermontov, L. A. Mei, A. S. Pushkin, K. M. Simonov, A. A. Feta, and others (1914-1947). Only 204 hands. Manuscripts S. A. Trailin. Records of studies with M. A. Balakirev (1895–1901), biographical essays on M. A. Balakirev, A. Dvorak, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. G. Rubinstein, A. N. Serov, B. Smetana [1920s]; "Don Cossacks" - screenplay [1910]. Only 12 hands. Letters of S. A. Trailin to KS Trailina — to his wife 20 (1931–1948), and others. Only 3 add. Letters to S. A. Trailin: F. S. Akimenko 29 (1922-1938), M. A. Balakirev 75 (1895-1908), V.F. Bulgakov 17 (1936-1951), K.A. Vouta (1914 ), A. K. Glazunov 3 (1925–1932), I. I. Lapshin 31 (1934–1951), V. Novak 13 (1944–1948), M. O. Shteiman 28 (1929–1937) and others. Only 26 correspondents Programs and posters of concerts with the performance of works by S. A. Trailin (1898-1947); materials about the staging of his operas (1910-1922). Articles and notes about S. A. Trailin - Pec. vyr. (1898-1956), photograph by S. A. Trailin, comp. KS Trailina [1950s]. Photo by S. A. Trailin, individual and in groups with M. A. Balakirev, V. N. Kashperov, S. M. Lyapunov, and others, 19 (1881–1941). Photos from the drug. S. S. Trailin's inscriptions: M. A. Balakirev (1895), A. K. Glazunov (1930), M. I. Dolina (1910), V. A. Zolotareva (1902), A. I. Mozzhukhina (1914 ), E. F. Petrenko (1910), N. I. Privalova (1910), M. O. Shteiman (1935), etc. Total 27. Letters: M. A. Balakirev - N. I. Kazanli (1895) , V. F. Bulgakov - K. S. Trailina 8 (1938-1956).

Literature

Bichekhvost Nikolai Fedorovich White wolves in exile. General Trailin, composer.
Koryagin S.V. Pryanishnikov and others. Series "Genealogy and family history of the Don Cossacks". Issue 7. M .: Rusaki, 2001
Countess S. V. Panina // Word \ Word, 2005. No. 47.
N. Meleshkova Musical community of Russian emigration in Prague. Names and destinies.
Shmaglit RG, White movement. 900 biographies of the largest representatives of the Russian military abroad. Zebra, Moscow, 2006
Iskra 1914 № 23
J.Lapsin. Ke dni ruske kultury // Radiojournal No. 24, 1933. RGALI. Ф.2660. Op.1, units xp 119.