Plastinomabery , or non-settlement [2] [3] ( lat. Elasmobranchii syn. Neoselachii [К 1] ) - the infraclass [1] of cartilage fish , combining sharks and skates . In modern cladistics, the definition of this systematic group ( clade ) sounds like “the last common ancestor of sharks and rays and all its descendants” [4] .
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Elasmobranchii Bonaparte , 1838 [1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Description
The skeleton consists entirely of cartilage with the exception of teeth , scales (both usually do not belong to the skeleton) and ossified jaws - all these exceptions contain calcium phosphate . Distinctive features of this group in comparison with other cartilaginous fish: the mouth opens ventrally, the teeth are covered with one or more layers of randomly oriented enameloid , there is a maxillary adductor, a large brain (larger than that of other fish, the ratio of brain size to body mass approaches that of birds and mammals), enlarged nasal capsules, the hiomandibula connects the brain box with the articular zone of the jaws (hence the ability of the jaws to move forward and backward), the vertebrae are strongly calcified, the spine is narrowed second, there is a spike on the two dorsal fins , an enlarged fatty liver that provides buoyancy [5] [6] . The origin of the group is unknown, the oldest fossil remains date from the early Jurassic period [1] ( Palaeospinax ).
Comments
- ↑ According to Nelson, Grande, Wilson, 2016, the Neoselachii taxon is synonymous with Elasmobranchii.
Notes
- 2 1 2 3 4 Nelson J.S. , Grande T.C., Wilson M. V. H. Fishes of the World . - 5th ed. - Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons , 2016. - p. 56-57. - 752 p. - ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6 . - DOI : 10.1002 / 9781119174844 .
- ↑ Nelson, DS, Fish of the World Fauna / Trans. 4th pererabot. English ed. N. G. Bogutskaya, scientific. editors A.M. Nasek, A.S. Gerd. - M .: Book House "LIBROKOM", 2009. - P. 107. - ISBN 978-5-397-00675-0 .
- ↑ Romanov V.I. Ichthyofauna of Russia in the system of fish of the world fauna: study guide. - Tomsk: Publishing House of TSU, 2014. - p. 20. - 410 p. - ISBN 978-5-94621-386-8 .
- ↑ Neoselachii: last common ancestor of living sharks & all descendants. The appeal date is December 18, 2013.
- ↑ Winchell CJ, Martin AP, Mallatt J. Phylogeny of elasmobranchs based on LSU and SSU ribosomal RNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 31, Issue 1, April 2004, Pages 214-224, Abstract .
- ↑ Underwood CJ 2006. Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Paleobiology 32 (2): 215-235. PDF .
- ↑ Benton MJ (2005) Vertebrate Palaeontology, Blackwell, 3rd edition, Fig 7.13 on page 185.
Literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 (English)
- Melanie LJ Stiassny, Lynne R. Parenti, G. David Johnson: Interrelationships of Fishes. Verlag Academic Press, 1996 ISBN 0-12-391208-3 (eng.)
- F. Harvey Pough, Christine M. Janis & John B. Heiser. Vertebrate Life. - 8th. - San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009. - ISBN 978-0-321-54576-3 .
Links
- Paleontology of vertebrates . The appeal date is December 18, 2013.