Gnei Domitius Korbulon ( Korbul [1] ; lat. Gnaeus Domitius Corbulō ; c. 7 , 20 (20 km east of modern L'Aquila ) - 67 , Corinth ) - Roman military leader, consul, 39 years old . The main commander during the eastern campaign of Nero ; also acted on the territory of modern Netherlands and Syria .
| Gnei Domitius Corbulon | |
|---|---|
| Gnaeus Domitius Corbulō | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | OK. 7 years |
| Place of Birth | Peltwin ( Italy , Roman Empire ) |
| Date of death | 67 |
| Place of death | Corinth ( Achaea , Roman Empire) |
| A country | |
| Occupation | 40-year-old consul |
| Father | Gnei Domitius Corbulon the Elder |
| Mother | Vistil |
| Spouse | Cassia longina |
| Children | 1. Domizia Corbula 2. Domitia Longina |
Biography
Corboulon's parents were Senator Gnei Domitius Corbulon the Elder and Vistilia (her daughter from one of the previous marriages was Milonia Caesonia - the fourth wife of Caligula , the mother of his only daughter). Corbulon was married to Cassia Longinus , and his daughter Domitia Longina became Domitian 's wife in 70 .
Corbulon at first allegedly held a number of posts at Tiberius . In 47, he was appointed Claudius commander of the Lower German army, including the legions I Germanica , V Alaudae , XV Primigenia and XVI Gallica . Before that, apparently, Corbulon had already shown his talent as a military leader, otherwise he would not have been appointed commander of about one-seventh of the Roman army .
In the very first year Corbulon was at his headquarters in the Colony of Agrippina, the situation on the east bank of the Rhine became more complicated. The head of the Hawks, Gannask invaded Lower Germany. Arriving there, Corbulon, using the Rhine fleet and the alleged legions of V Alaudae and XV Primigenia , tried to repel the attack. Gannask escaped and was killed by an agent sent by Corbulon. After this, Corbulon returned to the land of the Frisians . During the construction of the fort there, he received the decree of Claudius to return to Rome. The people of Corbulon were then ordered to dig a canal between the Rhine and the Meuse , now connecting Leiden and Forburg. Later it became known as the Corbulon Canal . At the same time, the construction of forts Nigrum Pullum (Zwammerdam) and Traektum ( Utrecht ) began. On his return to Italy, Corbulon received a triumph .
Parthian War
When Nero began to rule, he sent Corbulon to the East for new conquests . According to the agreement of Augustus with the Parthian king Phraat IV, the Romans could put their proteges on the Armenian throne. In 54, Vologuez I violated this arrangement by appointing his brother Trdat I as king. In addition to Corbulon, the Armenian issue was decided by the commander of the legions X Fretensis and XII Fulminata Guy Durmiy Ummidiy Kvadrat. Under the command of Corbulon were legions III Gallica and VI Ferrata . In 56, they held Roman-Parthian negotiations in Tisbon to gain time in preparation for war. [2] In the spring of 58, Corbulon invited Tiridate I to meet with Nero and obtain from him the right to the kingdom. Having not received consent, he began the invasion of Armenia by the forces of III Gallica , VI Ferrata and X Fretensis along the Karin – Artashat route, “killing the entire adult population and selling into slavery incapable of carrying weapons” [3] .
Corbulon made a wide detour of the Armenian capital, was attacked, but entered the city, where he spent the winter of 58/59. In the spring, he continued his campaign to the second capital of Armenia, Tigranakert (Sylvan) , but before that he completely burned and destroyed Artashat . This caused delight in Rome, where monuments and triumphal arches were erected, and the days of the destruction of the city were made festive [4] . In the fall of 59, Korbulon captured Tigranakert, but could not make a province out of Armenia : Rome had to appoint Tigran VI held hostage as king [5] . In response, Trdat I was crowned in Mtsbin, and his brother Vologuez I moved part of the army in 61 against Corbulon. A supporter of peace policy, he asked Nero for help and a new commander, and he himself went to Mtsbin for negotiations [6] . The parties agreed to withdraw both armies from Armenia, to recognize Trdat I as her king, who will be an ally of the Roman Empire. Under these conditions, Corbulon diverted the legions from Tigranakert and removed Tigran VI. However, his actions did not coincide with the policy of Nero: the emperor gave an evasive answer to the ambassadors of Vologuez I, because he wanted to turn Armenia into his province.
About 60 years old, Corbulon became the procurator of Cappadocia . In the fall of 61 years, Nero removed Armenia from his jurisdiction, and for the new campaign sent Lucius Cesennius Pet [7] . He began a new campaign on Tigranakert, but the Parthians decided to recapture the capital and besieged it. In the spring of 62, they surrounded Peta’s camp in Rendezvous near Arsamosata . Pete requested the help of Corbulon and began negotiations, since "from the poor Roman army there was only one name left" [8] .
Without waiting for Corbulon’s troops, the Roman camp surrendered in Rendezvous, and when the last one at the head of four legions arrived in the spring of 63 in Armenia, he was left with the signing of the infamous for the Romans of the Rendezvous world. Under this agreement, the Roman army surrendered and left Armenia, giving all the conquered fortifications, food, and their weapons. Vologuez I sent ambassadors to Nero, and until the end of their negotiations, Roman soldiers could not remain in Armenia. They had to go under the yoke, and in one day the defeated army marched 62 km, leaving the wounded and sick in order to fulfill the condition of leaving as soon as possible. Trdat I became the hereditary king of Armenia and, as a vassal of Rome, was to accept the tiara from the hands of Nero [9] .
In Rome, the gates of the Temple of Janus were closed in peace, and Corbulon received various awards from Nero. Soon, however, presumably due to the growing popularity of Vespasian , agents of Nero arrived at Corbenon's port of Kenhrei to force him to commit suicide.
Using tremendous influence and relying on the army devoted to him, Corbulon could easily overthrow Nero; but he did not want unrest and even sent his son-in-law Annius as a hostage to Rome . Despite this, in 67 , Nero called on Corbulon to Greece and, immediately after landing, ordered him executed. When Corbulon found out about the order of Nero, he grabbed his sword and pierced his chest, exclaiming: “άξιος-Worthy!” Details of Corbulon are given by Dion Cassius and Tacitus .
Corbulon wrote a report on his activities in Asia, which is lost.
In the movie
The academy of military art located on the planet Circinus-4 in the science fiction series “ Halo 4: Going to Dawn ” is named after Gnei Domitius Corbulon.
Notes
- ↑ Bayer B., Bierstein, W. et al. The History of Mankind. - 2002. - ISBN 5-17-012785-5
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XIII, 35.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XIII, 39.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XIII, 41.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XIV, 26.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XV, 3, 6.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XV, 6.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XV, 10.
- ↑ Tacit, Annal., XV, 15.
Literature
- Livius.org: Gnei Domitius Corbulon
- Corbulon, Gnei Domitius // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.