Abalone [1] , or abalone [1] ( lat. Haliotis ), Abalone ( English Abalone ) - a genus of gastropods from the subclass Vetigastropoda , allocated to its own family - Haliotidae - and the superfamily - Haliotoidea [2] .
| Abalone |
Haliotis tuberculata |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Family: | Abalone ( Haliotidae Rafinesque , 1815 ) |
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Haliotis Linnaeus , 1758 |
|
The shell resembles the shape of a human ear with a small, flat curl on the side at the rear end, a very wide entrance, with a developed mother-of-pearl layer and a series of holes along the left edge. There is no lid. The mollusk is larger than the shell, with a wide, fringed leg along the edges and a deep slit-shaped cut of the mantle (which corresponds to a number of shell openings). The muzzle is short, eyes on short stems [3] . The average size of the abalones is 5–7 cm, but representatives of individual species reach 35 cm in length [4] .
There are 51 species [2] (see the list of species ). Most species of abalones live in tropical and subtropical waters, some are found in the temperate waters of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The largest abalone species live off the coast of Japan, Australia, New Zealand and California [5] . In Russian waters, there is only one species of the family (' ' Haliotis discus ' ' Reeve, 1846), which is found only on Moneron Island in the Tatar Strait [4] . Galiotis live on a solid rocky substrate in the littoral and sublittoral zones. They feed on algal fouling. Active mainly at night.
Some types of abalone are eaten, for their fishing you have to sink to a considerable depth [5] . Abalone is most actively consumed in Japan and China [5] . In Japan, galliotis have been consumed since antiquity , usually couples were engaged in fishing (it is believed that women- moms can hold their breath better than men). Pinkish meat in Japan is consumed raw with dipping sauces, yellowish meat is grilled or steamed [5] . In Europe, the highest concentration of abalones is located off the coast of Brittany ; Breton recipes for dishes from this mollusk are known [5] . In Korean cuisine, galliotises are used in a chonbokchuk dish. Before cooking, the hard meat of abalone is beaten with a hammer, and then often cut into pieces [5] . In New Zealand cuisine , fritters are made from abalones [5] .
Abalone shells have commercial value: they make jewelry and decorative objects [5] . Maori appreciated the local abalone species for their mother-of-pearl shells; Three of these species are known under the general name “Paua,” especially often called [5] .
Abalone fishing is prohibited in the US states of Washington and Oregon [5] . In Japan, there is an industrial breeding of abalones in mariculture [4] .
Abalone shell found in the Japanese city of Toba
Fragment of a leather Yurok tribal leather skirt trimmed with shells
