The Riogrand Hunsrück dialect ( German: Riograndenser Hunsrückisch , port. Hunsriqueano riograndense ) is a German dialect spoken in several southern regions of Brazil ( Parana , Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina ) descendants of German immigrants from German. In Germany, the German Hunsrück dialect is used .
| Riogrand Hunsrück dialect | |
|---|---|
| Self name | Riograndenser hunsrückisch |
| Country | Brazil |
| Regions | Parana , Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina |
| Classification | |
Indo-European family
| |
| Writing | latin |
| Language Codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | hrx |
| Ethnologue | |
| IETF | |
| Glottolog | |
The name Riograndenser Hunsrückisch was introduced in 1996 by Cleo Wilson Altenhofen. Prior to this, the dialect was often called "Katharine" (Katharinensisch).
Lexical Features
Unlike the Hunsrück dialect in Germany, the Riogrand Hunsrück has been influenced by Portuguese , partly by indigenous languages such as Kayngang and Guarani , and to a lesser extent Italian and Talyan .
In the vocabulary of the Riogran Hunsrück dialect, primordial Germanic (including dialectic) vocabulary prevails. At the same time, the names of new phenomena not known to the first settlers in the 19th century are taken from the Portuguese: Aviong (instead of Flugzeug ), Kamiong (instead of Lkw ), Televisaum (instead of Television ) and so on. Everyday expressions are often literal translations from Portuguese. So, typical wie geht's german greeting ? (“How are you?”) In Riogranda acquired the form alles gut (literally “all is well”) under the influence of the port. tudo bem? with the same value.
In some cases, lexico-grammatical interference is observed. For example, the word Canecachen " circle " is derived from the Portuguese noun caneca with the German diminutive suffix -chen . In some cases, the multilingual foundations merge into a compound word: the noun Schuhloja “shoe store” is composed of German Schuh and Portuguese loja . When borrowing, the morphology of the German language is preserved. So, the verbs lembrieren “remember”, namorieren “flirt”, respondieren “respond” retain the ending of the infinitive -en (also an extended ending with the suffix -ieren ).
Phonology
Vowels
| Spelling | A | AA | Ay | Au | E | Ee | Ë | EU | I | II | O | Oo | OE | U | UU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronunciation | / a / | / ɑ / | / ai / | / au / | / ɛ / | / ɛɪ / | / eɪ / | / ey / | / ɪ / | / i / | / o ~ ɔ / | / ø / | / øy / | / u / | / y / |
Consonants
| Lips. | Lip.-tooth. | Alveolar. | Postalveolar. | Chambers. | Velar. | Uvular. | Gulp. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explosion. | P / p / - B / b / | T / t / - D / d / | Kh / k / - K / g / | |||||
| Affre | Ph / pf / | Ts / ts / | Ti / tʃ / - Di / dʒ / | |||||
| The fricative. | F / f / - w / v / | S / s / - Z / z / | X / ʃ / - J / ʒ / | Ch ~ H / χ ~ x / | H / h / | |||
| Nose. | M / m / | N / n / | Ng ~ N / ŋ / | |||||
| Approx. | L / l / | Y / j / | ||||||
| Trembling | R / ɾ / |
Some Phrases
- Hallo! - general greeting
- Hop! - general greeting
- Gumoie! - morning greeting
- Guntach! - daytime greeting
- Gunowend! - evening greeting
- Wi gehst du? - How are you?
- Gut, danke! - answer to Wi gehst du?
- Alles gut? - How are you? (unofficial)
Literature
- Erich Fausel : Die deutschbrasilianische Sprachmischung. Probleme, Vorgang und Wortbestand. E. Schmidt, Berlin 1959.
Links
- Riogrand Hunsrück dialect at Ethnologue
- Os imigrantes alemães ea sua cozinha / German Immigrants and Their Cuisine
- Deutsche Minderheiten in Latin America (Riograndenser Hunsrückisch)
- Riograndenser Hunsrückisch , article by Deutsche Welle
- Katharinensisch
- YouTube video interview with Hunsrückisch speaker from the town of Biguaçú, Santa Catarina, Brazil .
- YouTube video interview with a couple of Hunsrückisch speakers from the town of Biguaçú, Santa Catarina, Brazil .