Dmitrovsky excavator plant

The plant is located to the right of the road going from Dmitrov to the village of Vnukovo , on a hill formerly called Poklonnaya Gora ^[1] .

In 1898, a native of the peasants I. M. Galkin in the city of Dmitrov founded an iron foundry ^[2] . I. M. Galkin had the experience of a caster and molder in Moscow factories.

By 1914, additional investments in production made it possible to organize several workshops at the plant: foundry, turning, metalwork, model, chipping and forging. In the memorial book of the Moscow province of 1914, the enterprise is referred to as "Iron Foundry and Mechanical Plant of Ivan Mironovich Galkin."

During the First World War, the plant manufactured, in particular, a number of parts for the Tsar Tank , which was tested near Dmitrov ^[3] .

Soviet time. County period

After the revolution, the plant was nationalized, in 1918 the plant entered the local Council of National Economy . The first "red" director was a member of the CPSU (b) , the former chairman of the county Military Revolutionary Committee , the former foreman of the foundry A. I. Rzhanov. In 1919, the factory from dilapidated premises was transferred to the empty premises of the city baths of the Novoselov brothers. Moshkin’s handicraft workshop and former secret assembly and repair factory with all the equipment located in the village of Ochevo and engaged in the manufacture of the Tsar Tank are also attached to the plant. The plant repairs agricultural equipment and supplies iron castings for local enterprises ^[1] .

In 1923, the plant is called the Iron Foundry and Mechanical Plant of the Dmitrov Executive Committee. In 1925, the plant was under the jurisdiction of Dmitrovsky Promtorg, which also includes other industrial enterprises of Dmitrovsky district.

In 1927, reconstruction and expansion of production was carried out by decision of the head of Promtorg S. A. Bekasov and plant director A. I. Rzhanov. There was a diesel engine room with electricity generation. For this, the plant was given an empty granary building on a hill near the Tikhvin Church ^[1] .

In 1929, it became the regional subordinate of the Metallotrust of the Moscow Regional Council of the National Economy and received the name "Iron-Copper Foundry and Mechanical Plant No. 4 of the Metallotrust MOSNH." The manufactured nomenclature is also changing, volumes are increasing: stone crushers , clay mills , mill bowls “ Bow ”, assembly of slag crushers. The plant continues to produce black castings and perform mechanical work, and a new brick workshop is being built. In 1931, the plant became subordinate to the State All-Union Trust for the Production of Machines and Equipment for the Construction and Building Materials Industries (Glavstroymashin), which belongs to the Main Directorate of Medium Machine-Building of the Main Directorate of Mechanical Engineering and Metalwork of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR ^[3] .

The Dmitlagovsky period of 1932-1937. Excavator Plant

Everything changed dramatically when Dmitrov was in the center of the construction of the Moscow Canal from 1932 to 1937, and the plant was in the center of Dmitlag . So, from the south and east, the “Dmitlag town” adjoined the factory with its nearest streets: Shlyuzovaya, Bolshevik and others, where managers and engineering workers lived. Sand quarries were created from west and east, from where prisoners took sand to build a canal. In the north and east were barracks with prisoners ^[4] .

During the Dmitlag plant expanded, switched to the production of excavators, updated infrastructure ^[1] .

There is no clear evidence about the management of the plant by the management of Dmitlag and the involvement of Dmitlag workers for the construction and modernization of the Excavator Plant, and the release of the first products. But indirect evidence allows us to talk about, at a minimum, the participation of prisoners in auxiliary works for the plant and the manufacture of products and mechanical works by the plant for the construction needs of the canal ^[5] .

So from 1932 to 1937 every year the plant changed its membership in the statement of the government of the NKTP of the USSR, that is, the plant remained as if unowned ^[3] . The renamed plant itself was surrounded by Dmitlag buildings. After the construction was closed, most of the adjoining housing stock went to the plant, managers and engineers began to live in the houses of the former town of Dmitlag on the streets Bolshevistskaya, Bolshevistsky lane and others. The town of "Dmitlaga" began to be called the "village of the Excavator Plant" ^[6] . The House of Culture of the Dmitrov Excavator Plant (now the Sovremennik Palace of Culture) stands on the site of the one-story building of the House of Culture transported from the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal ^[5] .

In 1933, Glavstroymashina instructed the Dmitrov plant to establish the production of a chain trench excavator MK-I (ET-251) ^[1] .

In 1934, the plant produced the first Soviet chain trench excavator MK-I , designed to open trenches up to 2.25 meters deep for the purpose of laying water pipes and sewer systems. Thanks to the development of the production of these excavators, the USSR ceased to depend on the purchase of similar equipment abroad. This model was followed by others: the MTT trench excavator, with which tram tracks were built in Moscow , the MK-IV trench excavator for laying communication lines, the KG-65 experimental bucket - wheel trench excavator ^{[7] [8] [9]} .

The plant produced excavators based on extensive cooperation. So the engines were supplied by the Stalin Automobile Plant , roller chains came from the Moscow Rakomza plant. The parts obtained by steel casting came from the Kostroma Excavator Plant "Worker Metalworker" and the Leningrad Plant "Lenmetallurgstroy" belonging to the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry ^[3] .

For a long time, the plant remained the country's main enterprise producing trench excavators. So, out of 525 cars produced before World War II , 500 were manufactured by the Dmitrov Excavator Plant (a small number of cars were also produced by the Kiev Red Excavator Plant). In November 1941, the plant was evacuated to Tyumen and during the war years produced several more MK-I excavators ^[8] .

Post-war time

On March 15, 1946, the Dmitrov Excavator Plant became subordinate to the established Ministry of Construction and Road Engineering (the former People’s Commissariat of Construction and Road Engineering), the Main Directorate for the Production of Excavators and Cranes (Glavekskavator) ^[3] .

In 1946, only two trench excavators were produced in the USSR, both machines were made by the Dmitrov Plant. Soon, the plant resumed production of KG-65 bucket-wheel trench excavators, and in 1947 began production of the MK-I-M model (an improved version of the MK-I) with a digging depth of up to 3.5 meters. Modification of this model called ET-351 was carried out until 1951, it was replaced by an improved model ET-352. In the late 1940s, the plant mastered the production of the ET-251 model, tearing ditches 1.1 wide and 2.5 meters deep ^{[8] [9] [10]} .

Since the beginning of the 1950s, the plant mastered the production of the ET-121 lightweight trench excavator, which was a mounted unit for the SKHTZ-NATI tractor . The machine was intended for digging trenches 0.5 meters wide and 1.2 meters deep for power cables and communication lines. This model became the first mounted trench excavator in the USSR. In 1954, the KG-65 rotary excavator was replaced by a more advanced model ETR-152, and since 1957 the plant launched the production of the powerful BTM rotary excavator, the base vehicle for which was the AT-T crawler artillery tractor . The machine was called the “Product 409U”, it was capable of tearing trenches up to 1.5 meters deep at a speed of up to 35.5 km / h and was used primarily for army needs. Various modifications of this excavator were produced until the end of the 1970s. In 1975, the Armed Forces launched the production of a TMK rotary trench excavator based on the KZKT-538 pneumatic wheel tractor (ITK - an engineering wheeled tractor), and subsequently its improved version of the TMK-2 was produced. In 1978, the production of BTM-4 on the basis of the MT-T tractor ^{[8] [11] began} .

The ETN-251 and ET-352 models were discontinued in 1955, both excavators were replaced in 1956 by the universal ETU-353 model, capable of working on frozen soils, as well as tearing trenches with stepped walls in unstable soils. Since 1962, it has been replaced by a modernized ETU-354 model, and then its modification ETU-354A. In the 1950s, the output of the plant constantly increased: for example, from two cars in 1946, it increased to 439 machines in 1956 ^{[8] [12]} .

Until the end of the decade, the plant remained the largest manufacturer of trench excavators in the USSR; it accounted for up to 70% of all machines produced. In the mid-1950s, due to the rapid growth of land reclamation construction in the USSR, the production of trench excavators was organized at a number of other enterprises - the Tallinn Excavator Plant , the Bryansk Road Machine Plant and the Bryansk Plant of Irrigation Machines , as well as the Mozyr Plant for Land Reclamation Machines . As a result, the share of Dmitrovsky excavator plant in the total volume of production began to fall. So, in 1975, the plant produced only 17% of the total number of trench excavators produced in the USSR (which amounted to 3,517 vehicles; for comparison, the share of the Tallinn Excavator Plant accounted for about 60%). At the same time, the production rate at Dmitrovsky Excavator Plant changed slightly ^{[8] [13]} .

In 1962, the ETU-352 model was replaced by the ETU-353 model. The following year, the plant produced an experimental batch of trailed rotary trench excavators ETR-131, a tractor T-140 (prototype T-180 ) was used as a tractor. In 1964, he was replaced by an improved model of the ETR-132. This excavator was produced by the plant for a long time, undergoing periodic modernization. In 1976, the production of a chain trench excavator ETTs-252 began, the base machine for which was the TT-4 skidder . In the future, on the basis of the same tractor, a modification of the ETTs-252A, as well as the ETR-134 rotary excavator, were produced. In 1982, the production of the ETTs-151 model was started, which was a modification of the ETTs-252A excavator and intended for opening channels and trapezoidal cuvettes ^{[8] [14]} .

Dmitrovsky Excavator Plant is part of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Main Military Construction Administration No. 12” (former Glavspetsstroy of Russia) ^[15] , which is the successor to the USSR Ministry of Construction, Road and Communal Engineering after the collapse of the country ^[3] .

As of 2010, about 400 people were working at the Dmitrov Excavator Plant. Excavators continue to be the main products of the plant. The company produces a mounted chain trench excavator ETTs-1609 based on the MTZ-82 pneumatic wheel tractor (similar in characteristics to the ETTs-165A model ). A modification of this excavator is produced, equipped with a narrow bar working body for working with frozen soils. Mounted chain trench excavators based on the MTZ-1221 pneumatic wheel tractor (ETTs-201 and modifications) and the DT-75 caterpillar tractor (ETTs-205 and modifications) are also available. For chain excavators, replacement chains are produced. In addition to excavators, the company produces mounted road milling cutters , mounted rollers , cross digging excavators, diesel-hydraulic stations, vibration dampers , filters ^{[7] [16]} .

• The history of the production of trench excavators in the USSR and Russia

• Minin V.V. History of the Dmitrov Excavator Plant. 1898-1948. Part 1 - Dmitrov: 1948
• Koshekhlebov I. A. History of the Dmitrov Excavator Plant of the USSR Ministry of Construction, Road and Municipal Engineering (MSKDM) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Soviet power - Dmitrov: 1968