Polacre , polacra , polar , polar , pole ( Spanish polacra , French polacre , German polacer [1 , the origin of the words in these languages is unknown [2] ) is a type of sailing ship, common in the Mediterranean in the 16th – 19th centuries .
Content
History and Constructions
Mentions of polacre are, at least in the XVII century - in 1629 Furtenbach [approx. 1] writes:
"... after Nave, Italians serve themselves with another Vasselo (ship), which they call Polaca , similar to the small Nave, on which you can transport a significant amount of goods, mainly wine, grain, salt and wood ..."
The sailing armament of the 17th century polacres was very characteristic - a Latin sail on a forward mast tilted forward, straight sails on a grotto and a direct sail and a Latin sail on a mizzen . The masts were made of one solid tree, had no rods , no mars , no ezelhofts - the so-called polacre masts .
At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, the polacre acquired direct armament on the fore and mainsail, on a mizzen instead of the ryu and the Latin sail, a hafel sail was installed.
Application
Russia
In Russia, ships of this type were not built, while at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries a small number of half-acres was used as part of the Russian Imperial Navy . All Russian polacres were either bought or taken prisoner from the enemy [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Josef Furtenbach - German designer and architect, in 1629 published the book “Architectura navalis” (“Architecture of marine ships”), which is the oldest book on shipbuilding in German
Sources
Links
Literature
- Encyclopedic Marine Dictionary . - St. Petersburg: Shipbuilding, 1994. - T. 3. - S. [234] (stb. 2). - 488 p. - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7355-0282-4 .
- K.H. Marquardt. Mast, rigging and sails of 18th century ships = Karl Heinz Marquardt. Bemastung und Takelung von Schiffen das 18.Jahrhunderts. 1986. - Leningrad: Shipbuilding, 1991. - S. 144-145. - 288 p. - 81,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7355-0131-3 .
- Joseph Furttenbach. Architectura Navalis. - Ulm, 1629.
- Jean Jouve Desseins de tous les Btiments qui Naviguent sur la la Méditerranée. - Paris, 1679.- S. pl. 27-pl. 28.
- David Steel. The Elements and Practice of Rigging And Seamanship. - London, 1794.
- Dominick Serres, JTSerres. Liber Nauticus, and Instructor in the Art of Marine Drawing. - 1805.