Rynda (from other Russian: “Ryder” or “marketman” - a standard bearer, possibly from the middle-lower German ridder — a knight) [2] - an armor-bearer and bodyguard of the Great Princes of Moscow and Russian tsars of the XIV - XVII centuries .
Under the Moscow Patriarchs, a role similar to the markets was played by " firefighters ".
History
For the first time the name is found in the Nikon Chronicle in the story of the Battle of Kulikovo under 1380 [3] . The Rynds were appointed from young men of the most noble and noble families and usually consisted of the rank of captain or solicitor.
Rynds accompanied the king on campaigns and trips. During the palace ceremonies, they stood in ceremonial robes on both sides of the throne with berdys on their shoulders. During the reception of foreign ambassadors, the bazaars stood on both sides of the royal throne, with small hatchets; standing on the right side was considered more honorable (hence localism ). During the war, bazaars everywhere followed the sovereign everywhere, carrying weapons after him. Each bazaar had 1-3 subrands or taxis (also from stolniki). The main marketer enjoyed the right to add -vich to his patronymic. Since the market were not the rank of court, they did not receive a salary. Consisted in the armory .
Rynda with a great saadak is the king’s main squire. There were also marketers with another saadak , with a smaller spear , with a spear, with shelus , etc. There were also assistants to the market, for example, a late afternoon .
The post of bazaar was abolished under Peter I in 1698 .
Clothing Market
Rynds dressed in white clothing embroidered with silver. In the inventory of the treasury of Mikhail Fedorovich the “dress of the market” is listed:
- four ermine fur coats under a white stone, pubescent by an ermine , eight strings with silver tassels on the fur coats.
- four white heirlooms from an Indian stone , white fox undersides , ermine necklaces , five stripes with silver tassels.
- four Kyzylbash sashes with gold stripes and silk stripes of different colors.
- four hats of trot, four hats of arctic foxes.
- morocco white boots.
Peaceful (mourning) clothes.
- four sable fur coats under a black satin, fur coats with 8 strings with black tassels.
- four terliks atlas clove (or cherry).
- four caps of tufted cloves or cherries.
- black morocco boots .
Clothing and hatchet axes were stored as part of a large outfit .
Instead of terlik, queen could be used.
Notes
- ↑ Fig. 115.116. // Historical description of clothing and weapons of the Russian troops, with drawings, compiled according to the highest command : in 30 tons, in 60 books. / Ed. A.V. Viskovatova . - T. 1.
- ↑ Sreznevsky I. I. Materials for the dictionary of the Old Russian language. T. III. SPb., 1903. Stb. 210, 211.
- ↑ T.11. Viii. A chronicle collection called the Patriarch or Nikon Chronicle. Ed. S.F. Platonov . - St. Petersburg: Printing house of I. N. Skorokhodov, 1897.P. 59
Literature
- Bit Book 1475-1598 M., 1966.
- Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th – 17th centuries Vol. 22.M., 1997.S. 276
- Slavic Encyclopedia. Kievan Rus - Muscovy: in 2 volumes / Compiled by V.V. Boguslavsky . - T. 2 . - S. 287.
- Slavic world: I-XVI centuries: Encyclopedic dictionary. M., 2001.S. 591.
- Gavril Uspensky. "The experience of the story of the antiquities of Russian." Kharkov, 1818. pp. 165-166
- A.F. Veltman Moscow Armory. Printing house of Stepanov, 1844. p. 54-55
- Ulyanov, O. G. The First Honor Guard in Russia: Byzantine Origins of the Market Order // War and Arms: New Studies and Materials. Proceedings of the Eighth International Scientific and Practical Conference May 17-19, 2017. SPb., 2017. Part IV. S. 323-340.