Traditionally, the beginning of Judaism dates back to Moses. The significance of the law of Moses for the fate of Judaism is so great that Judaism is sometimes referred to as the Moses religion. But modern Judaism attaches great importance to the Oral Torah ( Talmud ), the appearance of which is associated with the movement of the Pharisees (“perushim” - “separated.”) In the middle of the first century BC. er From the laws of the Torah, the Talmud and the late ravinistic literature, a set of laws of the Jewish law of Halachah is compiled.
The most famous of them was Ravi Hillel , who in the time of Herod the Great headed the Sanhedrin and founded the dynasty of heads ( nasi ).
After the Jewish Wars, the Pharisees broke up into two schools centered on Babylon and Tiberias . They recorded an oral Torah, creating a correspondence with the Babylonian (V cent.) And Jerusalem (IV cent.) Talmud.
Periods
Further, Judaism went through a series of periods in its development:
| Time of work aharonim in the history of Judaism |
|---|
couples tannai Amora Savora gaons rishonim acharonymus |
- Zugot (Couples).
- Tanai ( Heb. תַּנָּאִים , Tanna, - “repeat”, “learn”, “teach”).
- Amora . ( Heb. אָמוֹרָאִים , amoraim - speaking, pronouncing ) Created Gemars - an analysis of the early Talmud (Mishna).
- Savorai . (Heb. "reasoning, weighing").
- Gaona . ( Heb. גאונים), the only number of gaons ( Heb. גאון, literally. genius ). The heyday of Judaism. At this time, the Karaimists separated from Judaism. Saadia Gaon played a major role in the confrontation with them.
- Rishonim . ( Heb. ראשונים ; units ראשון, Rishon , “Early, First”) Ravinas before Yosef Karo Shulkhan Arukh was drafted - a set of ravinistic laws. The Sephardic Rabbi Moshe de Leon publishes the Quigo Zohar , the main book of the mystical teachings of Kabbalah .
- Aharonim . ( Heb. אחרונים; ed. אחרון, Aharon , "Last, Late"). At this time, the emergence of Hasidism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and reformist Judaism in Germany in the twenties of the XIX century occurred.
See also
- The history of the Jewish people
- Jewish law
- Halacha
- Takanot