Kazansky, Yuri Alekseevich

Yuri Kazansky was born on October 18, 1930 ^[1] .

At school age he wrote poetry, prose and was going to become a writer. To gain writing experience, "I decided to sail on a ship." In 1948 he graduated from school with a silver medal and wrote a letter to the Naval College, attaching a certificate to it. The Maritime College invited him to study, but an interfering friend interrupted the emerging plan ^[1] :

Ever thought you were such a fool? Which sailor? Your parents are intelligent people. Now they went with me to Moscow to enter Moscow State University ^[1] .

Kazansky did not enter the physics department of Moscow State University , unable to cope with Mayakovsky's punctuation in an essay about the poet. In the same year he entered the Faculty of the Substance Structure of the Moscow Higher Technical School named after N. E. Bauman (MVTU named after N. E. Bauman). Three years later, Yuri Kazansky, together with other distinguished students at MPEI , Moscow State University and LSU, was transferred to the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) created on the basis of the Moscow Mechanical Institute (MMI) ^[1] .

Here I am - the son of ordinary parents, without any kind of doom. Nobody gave me pocket money - my father had three children except me. And the scholarship, if you study well, was 600 rubles ^{[K 1]} . This is a lot of money. They could live happily ever after. Then, there was no one to attach me to a “warm” place, and if you studied well, you will be invited to a prestigious interesting job, they will lay a salary, give an apartment or a room, and they will respect you: “Well done, you’re so complicated managed to graduate with honors! ” ^[1]

After graduating from MEPhI in 1954, he was invited to work at Laboratory B (later the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering , IPPE), where he began to develop radiation protection for small lead and bismuth reactors with a capacity of 75 and 100 MW used in nuclear submarines. In the process of this work, he became a senior researcher, defended his thesis, published two works and received the medal “For Labor Distinction” ^[1] .

In 1967, Viktor Vladimirovich Orlov , a student and deputy of Alexander Leipunsky, invited Kazansky to head the Laboratory of Fast Reactors of the IPPE, setting him the condition - in view of the large amount of work - to refuse to defend his doctoral dissertation, already written in manuscript by Kazansky. As a result, Yuri Kazansky defended his doctoral dissertation not in 1968, as planned, but on a completely different topic in 1978 ^[1] .

From 1968 to 1978, Kazan was engaged in the calculation and experimental justification of designs of fast neutron reactors, including experiments at the BFS-1 and BFS-2 stands. By 1978, he became one of the best world experts in this topic and was appointed supervisor of the physical start-up of the first industrial fast reactor in the world at the Beloyarsk NPP ^[1] .

We started going there from the 78th, and by the time of launch, in the 80th, we practically did not get out. It was necessary to prepare technical documentation; prepare technical means; prepare the people who will work there during start-up and beyond. You can imagine what kind of responsibility this is - the reactor costs billions of rubles, and you wanted to do it right. And the administration demanded to stop additional checks and experiments - to run soon and that's all. And we, the team of scientists, still did our job without hacking ^[1] .

For the launch of the world's first fast neutron reactor BN-600 , still operating, Yuri Kazansky was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor . Similar French and Japanese reactors, launched later than Beloyarsky, were stopped due to design miscalculations ^[1] .

At the age of fifty, in 1980, Kazan officially became a pensioner, but continued to work at the Physics and Energy Institute ^[2] .

In the early 1980s, the director of the Physics and Energy Institute Oleg Kazachkovsky hatched the idea of ​​creating an independent atomic energy institute instead of the existing branch of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in Obninsk. After a party in early 1984 between Kazachkovsky and Kazan, who headed the department of fast neutron reactors, a short half-joking conversation took place ^[1] :

- Will you be the rector of our institute?
- Do you want to get rid of me? Well then, okay. But only if my salary remains as it is now ^[2] .

The salary of Kazan in the IPPE was 600 rubles, the salary of the rector of the proposed university was to be 450 rubles. To increase the rector’s salary up to 600 rubles, the director of the IPPE Oleg Kazachkovsky, the first secretary of the Obninsk regional party committee Alfred Kamaev and the chairman of the city executive committee Pyotr Napreenko achieved the assignment of the first (highest) category to the future university. On his 55th anniversary on October 18, 1985, Kazan was appointed rector of the new Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy (IATE) ^[1] .

The institute lacked space, personnel, and money, and Kazan, using his authority as the person who launched the first industrial fast neutron reactor, turned to the USSR Minister of Secondary Engineering Yefim Slavsky and USSR Minister of Higher and Secondary Special Education Gennady Yagodin for help . Two ministers “knocked out” the “fund” for the institute, which included not so much money as a reserve of construction services and materials. This allowed the construction of the second building of the institute, 20% higher than the first. In-line audiences, a gym, a library and two 9-story dormitories were introduced ^[1] .

Kazansky was counting on the Physics and Energy Institute in the formation of the personnel skeleton, which he completely refused. The rector began to gather specialists one at a time, phoning acquaintances and agreeing on the transfer of specialists with the ministry and the city party committee. So, the philosopher Viktor Kanke from the Biysk Pedagogical Institute , the specialist in automation and control devices Adolf Trofimov from the Tomsk Polytechnic Institute , the specialist in electrical engineering Alexey Abakumov from the Ufa Petroleum Institute appeared at the Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy; experimental physicist Evgeny Matusevich , nuclear reactor designer Yuri Volkov , chemist Viktor Milinchuk , mathematician Pyotr Androsenko - from various research institutes in Obninsk ^[1] .

7–8 years after its establishment, the Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy began to work as a full-fledged higher educational institution with its own academic buildings, a research department, and graduate school. Under Kazan appeared the IATE Student Theater , student club, KVN. During the rectorship of Yuri Kazan, the institute was one of the thirty best universities in Russia. In the late 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, despite the economic crisis in the country, there was not a single wage delay in the IATE ^[1] .

In 2000, Kazan voluntarily resigned as rector of the Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy ^[1] .

After leaving the post of rector, Yuri Kazansky, at the head of a group of scientists at the Obninsk company Modeling Systems , was engaged in the development of two ultra-low power reactors (7-10 MW), Mars (for medical purposes) and Master (to provide energy to individual buildings). A feature of these reactors was their self-regulation, the ability to work without the participation of people. The estimated cost of one such reactor was 1-2 million. After the completion of scientific development, the project was to be transferred to a special organization to continue work. She estimated the continuation of work at $ 27 million, which completely stopped the project ^{[1] [3]} .

At the same time, Kazan remained a professor at the Department of Design and Reactors of the Obninsk Institute of Atomic Energy ^[3] and was one of the founders of the future Lyceum “Physics and Mathematics School” in Obninsk. Pension Yuri Kazan in 2010 amounted to 28,000 rubles. An addition to it was one and a half rates in the IATE ^[1] .

However, recently [in 2010] the guard stopped me and tried to fine me for a not fastened belt for 100 rubles. I started to mind. He asked: "Well, what is 100 rubles for you?" I said: "You can have lunch with this money." And he let me go. He said: “If you can have lunch for 100 rubles, that means it's decent money for you” ^[1] .

Having closed for himself the topic of ultra-low power reactors - medical and for heating buildings - at the age of nine, Kazansky took up the topic of nuclear waste ^[2] .

• Order of the Badge of Honor ^[1]
• Medal "For Labor Distinction" ^[1]
• Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", II degree (2005)
• Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1995)
• Honorary Citizen of Obninsk (2009)

Publications of Yuri Kazan

Monographs

• Kazansky, Yu.A., Kukhtevich V.I. , Matusevich E.S. Physical studies of reactor protection / Ed. S. G. Tsypin . - M .: Atomizdat , 1966 .-- 391 p.
• Abramov A.I. , Kazansky Yu.A., Matusevich E. S. Fundamentals of experimental methods of nuclear physics. - M .: Atomizdat , 1977 .-- 524 p.
• Kazansky Yu.A., Matusevich E.S. Experimental Reactor Physics. - M .: Mir , 1993 .-- 444 p.
• Kazansky Yu.A., Matusevich E.S. Experimental Reactor Physics. - Obninsk: IATE , ENIMTs “ Modeling systems ”, 1995. - 428 p.

Tutorials

• Abramov A.I. , Kazansky Yu.A., Matusevich E. S. Fundamentals of experimental methods of nuclear physics: a manual for university students. - M .: Atomizdat , 1970 .-- 559 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A., Matusevich Ye. S. Experimental methods of reactor physics: Textbook for universities in the specialty "Nuclear Power Plants and Installations." - M .: Energoatomizdat , 1984. - 270 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A., Lebedev A. B. Kinetics of Nuclear Reactors: A Study Guide for the Course "Physical Theory of Nuclear Reactors". - Obninsk: IATE , 1990. - 82 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A., Matusevich Ye. S. Experimental Reactor Physics: A Textbook for High Schools in the Field of Heat Engineering and the Specialty Nuclear Power Plants and Installations. - M .: Energoatomizdat , 1994 .-- 350 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A., Matusevich ES Experimental physics of reactors: Textbook for universities. - Obninsk: IATE , 1995 .-- 430 p.
• Ryabev G.N., Kazansky Yu.A., Mironovich V. L. Exercises and tasks in reactor physics: a manual on the course "Physical Theory of Nuclear Reactors". - Obninsk: IATE , 1996 .-- 32 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A. Kinetics of nuclear reactors: a manual on the course "Physical Theory of Nuclear Reactors". - Obninsk: IATE , 2003 .-- 96 p.
• Kazansky Yu. A., Slekenichs Ya. V. Reactivity Coefficients. Introduction to the dynamics of reactors: A tutorial for the courses "Kinetics of nuclear reactors", "Dynamics of nuclear reactors." - Obninsk: IATE , 2008 .-- 224 p.

Popular Science Books

• Kazansky Yu. A. Shkolnik about energy / Art. M.M. Pilyugin. - M .: IzdAT, 1995 .-- 103 p.

Articles

Interview

• Yuri Kazansky: BN-800 reactor is a matter of Russian leadership // AtomInfo.Ru. - 2006.
• The legend of the nuclear industry is the path of Yu. A. Kazansky // Rosatom Country. - August 4, 2010.

About Yuri Kazan

• First // New Wednesday +. - October 20, 2010.
• Only on the passport // NG-region. - September 27, 2013. - No. 37 (1024) . Archived on November 3, 2013.

• Yuri Kazansky on the site of the Administration of the city of Obninsk
• Yuri Kazansky on the website of the alumni club of the Obninsk branch of MEPhI