Warming the dead is a funeral custom of lighting a fire. The purpose of the rite is to “transfer” heat to deceased ancestors [1] . In the Voronezh [2] , Kursk , Oryol , and Tambov provinces, as early as the 19th century, classmates burned bonfires on Christmas Eve or Christmas ( Kolyada ), in some places also on New Year and Epiphany [3] .
Content
Other names
Russian warm parents, burn feather-beds, burn Katyashka, fumigate parents, Christmas bonfire, warm Christ's legs [3] , burn purine [4] ; Belor. Cab Dushachki Magli Abagrazza ; Ukrainian grіti dіda, grіti soulі in heaven ; Serb. soul, climb watra da ce gree ; bulg. greene on murtvita ; polish żeby umarli mogli się ogrzać [1] .
Southern Great Rite
In the Kursk province, a bonfire was made in the middle of the yard from manure, straw from the beds, they threw grain and fodder for livestock, a little incense. It is believed that at this time the deceased parents come to be warmed up and that from this fire the wheat is born jerky (red). During the burning of the fire, they stood silently, remembering their parents and saying a prayer to themselves [5] .
On the first day of Christmas, a cart of straw falls among the yards and lights up, in the blind assurance that the dead at this time rise from the graves and come to bask. All homeworkers in this rite stand around in deep silence and a concentrated prayer mood. But in other places around these bonfires, holding hands, gaily circling, as in a round dance on Radunitsa [6]
In Orel, “on Christmas, New Year, and on the day of Epiphany, the landlord took a pot of fire and a straw crop; saying goodbye to home, he went to the garden; here he first laid three bows facing east, then lit a sheaf of straw with incense and sentenced: “You, holy palm and gray smoke, rushed to heaven, bow to my parents there, tell them how we all live here!” ” [7 ] .
In the villages of Bolkhovets, Belgorod Uyezd and Luchki, Korochansky Uyezd , as well as in the village of Talitsky Chamlyk (Tambov Uyezd), the rite was performed at Svyatki and consisted in a ceremonial burning of straw and was called “burning feather-beds” or “warming the dead” [8] .
See also
- Badnyak
- Easter bonfire
- Kupala bonfire
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Agapkina, Vinogradova, 1995 , p. 543.
- ↑ Zelenin, 1994 , p. 178.
- ↑ 1 2 Zelenin, 1909 , p. 1-3.
- ↑ Fasmer, 1987 , p. 409.
- ↑ Zelenin, 1994 , p. 165-166, 169.
- ↑ Maximov, 1903 , p. 218.
- ↑ Yudin, 2011 .
- ↑ Zelenin, 1994 , p. 167.
Literature
- Warm the dead / Agapkina T.A., Vinogradova L.N. // Slavic antiquities : Ethnolinguistic dictionary: in 5 volumes / under the general. ed. N. I. Tolstoy ; Institute of Slavic Studies RAS . - M .: Int. Relations , 1995. - T. 1: A (August) - G (Goose). - S. 543-544. - ISBN 5-7133-0704-2 .
- Agapkina T. A. Warm the dead // Slavic mythology. - M .: Ellis Luck, 1995. - S. 149-150.
- Zelenin D.K. Folk custom “warm the dead” . - Kharkov: Printing house "Printing", 1909. - 16 p.
- Zelenin D.K. People's custom of “warming the dead” // Selected Works. Articles on spiritual culture 1901-1913 / comp. A.L. Toporkova. - M .: Indrik, 1994 .-- S. 164–178 . - ISBN 5-85759-007-8 .
- Maksimov S.V. Tsar-fire // Unclean, Unknown and Religious Power . - SPb. : Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilvorg, 1903.
- Puryn // Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language = Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch : in 4 volumes / auth. M. Fasmer ; per. with him. and add. Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences O. N. Trubacheva . - Ed. 2nd, erased - M .: Progress , 1987. - T. III: Muse - Syat. - S. 409-410.
- Yudin A. V. Means of magical communication in the folk culture of the Eastern Slavs // "The image of the world, in a word revealed ...": a collection in honor of the 70th anniversary of Professor Jerzy Faryno / Redakcija R. Bobryka, J. Urban, R. Mnicha. - Siedlce : Inst. filologii polskiej i lingwistyki stosowanej , 2011.
Links
- Burn purine. Wedding ceremonies of the Belgorod region (youtube.com)