Robiai Balkhi Kazdari Bini Kaab ( Persian : رابعه بنت کعب قزداری; Taj : Robiai Balkh ӣazdar; X century ) - semi-legendary [1] figure in Persian literature, the first woman poetess in the history of Tajik - Persian literature of the period of Iranian-Islamic civilization .
| pers.-رابعه بنت کعب قزداری. taj.-Robiai Balkh Қazdarӣ | |
|---|---|
| Aliases | Balkhi, Qazdari, Zayn al-Arab |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Citizenship | Samanid State |
| Occupation | poetess |
| Language of Works | Farsi - Dari , Arabic |
Content
Biography
The exact dates of birth and death are unknown, but it is reported that she was born in the X century in the family of a noble family of Arab emigrants who settled in eastern Persia ( Khorasan ). [3] Her father was a military leader and served near the cities of Balkh and Kazdar under Nasr II ibn Ahmed from the Samanid dynasty, from where her pseudonyms Balkh and Kazdari appeared. She also had the nickname Zayn al-Arab , which is translated from Arabic as the beauty of the Arabs [2] .
She was buried in the city of Balkh (now Afghanistan ).
Little is known about her life, except for details about her death, which eventually turned into a beautiful legend. When the father died, the brother inherited the throne. According to legend, the family had a slave of Turkic origin (with good manners and good looks) named Biktash, with whom she was associated with Platonic love . Upon learning of this, the brother ordered the slave to be thrown into the zindan , and he imprisoned her in a heated bath, after opening her veins and blocking the door. She wrote her last poems on the wall of the bath, using her own blood instead of ink:
| Without you, oh handsome, eyes are two streams, I painted my whole face with blood. Full version |
Soon she passed away. Biktash managed to escape, but, having learned of the death of his beloved, he returned, killed her brother and committed suicide.
Inspired by Robia’s novel with Biktash, poet Reza Kuli Khan Khidayat (XIX) wrote the novel Biktashnam .
Creativity
The appearance of the poetess in those days was an extraordinary event, given the position of women in Islam at that time. Rudaki , who was her contemporary, often corresponded with her and, being familiar with her work, spoke very highly of her [4] .
Robia was a bilingual poetess who wrote in Arabic and Persian, as evidenced in her Tazkir (anthology) by Muhammad Aufi :
“The daughter of the Ka'ab, although she was a woman, nevertheless ridiculed the men of the world with her wisdom. She was a rider of both arenas and a master of both words - powerful in an Arabic poem and a skilled craftsman in Persian poetry. "
In several anthologies that have come down to us, her lyrical poems are preserved, distinguished by literary skill, telling about the traditions of oriental women, life, the essence of life and human happiness. [four]
Famous masters of the literary genre, such as Rudaki (IX — X), Attar (XII — XIII), Jami (XV), Hidayat (XIX) and other poets and Sufi writers recognized her as equal [5] .
Literature
- EG Browne: Literary History of Persia. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X (English)
- Jan Rypka: History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1
Notes
- ↑ G. Lindberg-Wada, Literary History: Towards a Global Perspective, Gruyter; 1st ed., 2006, p. 204: “This does not mean that no women composed poetry [...] but the system kept obviously such efforts out of sight. The very few whom we know by name are more legendary than real, for example Rabi'a bint Ka'b Quzdari ... "
- ↑ 1 2 Poetry.ru
- ↑ Indo-Iranica, Vol. 2, Iran Society India, Calcutta, 1947, p. 39 (English)
- ↑ 1 2 asia-travel.uz (Russian)
- ↑ International conference dedicated to the work of Robiai Balkhi (Dushanbe) (taj.)