Eyya (Bashkir mythology)

Ideas about Eyya belong to the ancient animistic beliefs in the people. Beliefs about Eyya have survived to the present day.

Ayia are divided into the following:

Hyu Eyyakhe (Kyu Eyye) is the spirit master of the water. He appears to be a gray-haired old man in a long white robe, leaning on a magic staff. Every day, Huu Eyya checks his possessions, goes ashore in the evening, can drag a person under water, sometimes warning of danger. Disrespect for him (water pollution, etc.) leads to misfortune.

At the first visit to a water source, for example, by a bride during wedding ceremonies, they usually made an offering to him. It was believed that the anger of Hyu Eyya was the cause of the flood.

The rain is also in the power of Huu Eyyah. Throwing people into the water during prayers for rain is an imitation of the existing ritual of sacrifice of Huu Eyya. The spirits of the water element were endowed with an addiction to horses (considered to be the product of water - the cult of the Horse), rode on them at night, braided their mane.

Mother - Water - a woman with long hair (Һыу инәһе), and the Water Girl (Һыу ҡыҙы, Һыубикә, Һыуһылыу). It was believed that a water beauty at midnight or before dawn comes to the shore of a river or lake in clothes of shiny scales and combs her golden hair with a golden comb. Representations of her are in the epos " Akbuzat ", " Zayatulyak menen Khuuhylu ."

Tau eihe (tau eihe) is the master spirit of the mountain. It appears to people in the guise of an old man, sometimes it takes zoomorphic features .

On the mountain it is forbidden to make noise, swear, break trees unnecessarily, so as not to cause Tau E. anger, which is expressed by a hurricane. It is customary to leave Tau Eyya coins on stones as a gift, to tie colorful shreds, beads on trees growing on the slopes of the mountains.

Tash kyuysh eyyah (tash ҡyuysh eiәһe, mәmeryә eiәһe) is the spirit master of the cave. Usually invisible, but, being close to the cave, you can hear his voice. People are presented in the guise of a bird, fox, snake, etc., to the elect - a rider on Akbuzat.

Yort eihe (yort eiәһe, өy eiәһe) - the spirit master of the house , yard and household. Appears in the form of a gray-haired old man, can transform into different animals (calf, dog, snake). Being to a person in the guise of a neighbor, relative, deceased father or grandfather, portends good or unhappiness.

Yort Eyya refers to patron spirits, whose favor protects a person and his family from misfortunes, illnesses, evil spirits, spoilage, etc. In ancient times, Yort Eyya was asked for help when a woman had a delayed delivery. Estimated habitats of Yort Eyya - stove, floor, ceiling, corners of the house, threshold, stable, hayloft. A person must maintain coziness and calm in the house, express his respect for Yort Eyya through rituals, otherwise the spirit may leave and the inhabitants of the house will lose a cat (ҡot) - well-being, happiness, good luck in business, prosperity. When moving to a new house, they performed a special rite of resettlement Yort Eyya (Khuzhalar saҡyryu).

Kerte Eyyakhe (kәrtә Eyәһe, һaray, аҙbar eyәһe) is the owner of the farmyard. It was believed that Kerte Eyya lives in the hayloft, in the stable, etc. It appears as an old man with a sheepskin draped over his shoulders.

According to legend, his appearance usually bodes well. Kerte Eyya warns the owners about the appearance of offspring in cattle, the entry of thieves into the courtyard, the occurrence of fire, etc. In order to avoid his anger, it was forbidden to beat animals, it was believed that this threatens paralyzing limbs, as well as sell old animals. For this, Kerte Eyya could kill all the cattle in revenge.

Eya cattle (mal eiәһe), Eya horses (at eiәһe) - the patron saint of cattle.

Munsa Eyyakhe (Munsa Eyye) is the spirit master of the bath . It is in the form of a small flame, cloud or clot of smoke. They emerge from an extinct furnace and slip out of the bathhouse on the floor. He likes to play pranks: he pulls on the feet of a washable person, clings to a broom, etc. The endowment with such properties turned Muns Ey into an evil spirit, and the bath began to be perceived as a haven of evil spirits (it is forbidden to wash after midnight, etc.).

Representations of the master spirits are in mythologies of other nations ^[1] .

Bashort halyk izhadi. 1 se. Yola folklore. Өfө, 1995;

Rudenko S.I. Bashkirs: historical and ethnographic. essays. Ufa, 2006.

Suleymanova M.N. Pre-Islamic beliefs and rites of the Bashkirs. Ufa, 2005;

Khisamitdinova F.G. Mythological dictionary of the Bashkir language. Ufa, 2010.

• Iye

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