Raul-Pierre Pictet ( French Raoul-Pierre Pictet ) - Swiss physicist. The first to receive liquid nitrogen . Simultaneously with Kayete received liquid oxygen in 1877.
| Raul Pictet | |
|---|---|
| Raoul-pierre pictet | |
 Raul Pictet | |
| Date of Birth | April 4, 1846 |
| Place of Birth | Geneva , Switzerland |
| Date of death | July 27, 1929 (83 years old) |
| Place of death | Paris |
| A country | Switzerland |
| Scientific field | physics |
| Place of work | University of Geneva |
| Alma mater | |
| Awards and prizes | G. Davy medal ( 1878 ) |
| Signature | |
Biography
Born in Geneva in 1846. He studied (1868-1870) in Paris in the direction of physics. In 1870 he returned to Geneva and engaged in experiments in the field of low-temperature physics . Since 1879 - professor at the University of Geneva . In 1879-1886 headed the department at the University of Geneva. In 1886, he founded an industrial research laboratory in Berlin. Then he lived in Paris. He died in 1929.
Scientific and engineering activities
In 1876, Pictet began experiments in the field of gas liquefaction, not having significant experience in engineering. Nevertheless, the installation proposed by Pictet was distinguished by the complexity and originality of the solution. A “cascade” gas liquefaction method was developed, and almost simultaneously with the French engineer L.-P. Kayete Pictet first received (1877) liquid oxygen at a pressure of 320 atm and a temperature of −140 ºC achieved using sulfuric and carbonic acids. Later, Pictet also liquefied air, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
Pictet introduced the working fluid of refrigeration units, consisting of a mixture of two different substances. The idea of a double mixture was developed and used over time in refrigeration and cryogenic plants with predetermined properties.
Literature
- Temples Yu.A. Pictet Raoul Pierre (Pictet Raoul-Pierre) // Physicists: Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Nauka , 1983 .-- S. 214. - 400 p. - 200,000 copies. (in per.)
- V.M. Brodyansky. Raul Pierre Pictet oxygen liquefaction experiment. In the book: From solid water to liquid helium (history of the cold). - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1995.